PALYNOLOGICAL ZONATION OF MID-PALAEOZOIC, NW SPAIN 



131 



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■§ 





3 



n 



■4) 



■Tl 





l' 



CI 



■u 



!^ 



~s* 



5- 









r 



1^ 



a 



b; 



.c 



■S 



a 



•c 



•t: 



•S -a 



5 S <J 

 U U rc 



■e -C -C 



s 1= :S 





C <o u 



a« ?! 



•s "3 s; 



:- -S 





o -S ^ 





S « 



H Dolomites 

 B Limestones 

 H S andstone / Ool ites 



■ Ferrous Oolites 



•• Phosphatic nodules 

 r~1 Sandstone 



■ Shale 



H Sandstone & Shale 



::3uSQ:S-^S:t55^ 





^. o- • • 



o- 



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I 



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1 • • 



ilzz zz zzzzzzzz 



1 





Chitinozoan 



Spore 





Zona t ion 



Zo nation 



-ArgI5 











-Argl4 



Loc hkov . 



bo 





MN 



-Arg 13 . 





?SU~ 



Loc hkov. 





-ArgI2 





-Arg IIB 



PridoU 







(a) 













-Arg llA 









EC 



-Arg 10 











-Arg 9 











-Arg 8 







PridoU 





-Arg 7 









H 



-Arg 6 





'■'kn 







-ArgSF 













-Arg5C 











-ArgSB 

 -Arg5A 



?early 

 - mid 





9 



RS 



-Arg4A 



PridoU 









-Arg 4 _ _ . 





9 



Ludfordian 



9 



LP 



-Arg 3 





-Arg 2 



?LIand. 





9 



-Argl 











Fig. 11 Selected chitinozoan distribution at Argovejo. Chitinozoan zonation after Verniers el al. (1995): bo; bohemica, su: superba, ele: elegans, ko: 

 kosovensis. 



20 metres above the base of the San Pedro Formation (PI. 13, fig. 6). 

 Although v4. Ubyensis was originally described by Jaglin (1986: 5 1 ) 

 as a Pfidoli species, Schweineberg (1987: 71) has subsequently 

 recovered the same species from Ludlow strata of the Palencia 

 Region of Northern Spain (Graptolite Biozones 34, 35 of Elles & 

 Wood (1901-18), Upper Gorstian). Sphaerochitina sphaewcephala 

 ((PI. 1 2, fig. 6) common in the Pfi'doli but also ranging down into the 

 Upper Ludlow) is recovered from Arg 5a, 52 metres above the base 

 of the San Pedro Formation, but it is not until Arg 8, 123.5 metres 

 above the base of the San Pedro Formation, that a typical Pfidoli 

 assemblage is encountered. Species such as M. elegans (associated 

 with Margachitina elegans var. carta Cramer ( 1 964b) in Arg 1 2 - PI. 

 12. fig. 3), U. uma and P. carmenchui (PI. 12, fig. 1) are common 

 components of the assemblage. Cingulochilina wronai Paris & Kri'z 

 (1984) is often reported as forming an important component of 

 Pfidoli assemblages. It is recorded (PI. 11, fig. 9) in Arg 7, 121.5m 

 above the base of the San Pedro Formation. However, the species is 

 also reported from the Upper Ludlow (Paris in Kri'z et al, 1986), 

 Paris & Grahn (1996) and Schweineberg (1987). 



Possible E. bohemica was recorded from Arg lib, 128.1 metres 

 above the base of the San Pedro Formation but a more reliable 

 Devonian signature is provided by Angochitina chlupaci Paris et. al 

 (1981) in Arg 13, 132.1 metres above the base of the San Pedro 



Formation (PI. 12, fig. 13). In Bohemia this species occurs within 50 

 cm of the base of the Lochkovian at Klonk and Karlstejn (Paris et 

 fl/.,1981). 



Stage and Series boundaries 



The base of the Devonian is drawn below Arg 13. The base of the 

 Pfidoli is more difficult to identify but lies between Arg 4 and Arg 7 

 with the first occurrence of typical Pfidoli chitinozoans such as U. 

 uma. The base of the Ludlow will lie somewhere below the first 

 occurrence of S. sphaewcephala in Arg 5a. This leaves around 57 

 metres of section between possible Upper Ludlow/Lower-Middle 

 Pfidoli as suggested by the recovery of S. sphaewcephala and the 

 Upper Llandovery chitinozoans recovered from the Formigoso For- 

 mation in Arg 3 . There are four possible explanations : 1 , the Wenlock 

 and Ludlow are very condensed in the lower part of the San Pedro 

 Formation; 2, there is a large disconformity somewhere above Arg 3; 

 3, the Wenlock/Ludlow have been tectonically reduced; 4, the 

 Llandovery chitinozoans present in the Formigoso Formation are 

 reworked. 



La Vid (Fig. 12) 



Like Argovejo, the presence of Cyathochitina sp. B, Paris ( 1 98 1 ) in 



