GOUGH'S CAVE 1 : STUDY OF PELVIS AND LOWER LIMBS 



13 



Table 11 Osteometries of the Gough's Cave 1 right tibia. 



Maximum length (M- 1 ) 



Medial total length (M-lb) 



Medial articular length (M-2) 



Biomechanical length 1 



Midshaft antero-posterior diameter (M-8) 



Midshaft medio-lateral diameter (M-9) 



Midshaft circumference (M-10) 



Proximal antero-posterior diameter (M-8a) 



Proximal medio-lateral diameter (M-9a) 



Proximal circumference (M-lOa) 



Distal minimum circumference (M-lOb) 



Proximal epiphyseal maximum breadth (M-3) 



Medial condyle breadth (M-3a) 



Lateral condyle breadth (M-3b) 



Medial condyle depth (M-4a) 



Lateral condyle depth (M-4b) 



Tuberosity projection 2 



Medial retroversion angle (M-12) 



Lateral retroversion angle 



Medial inclination angle (M-13) 



Lateral inclination angle 



Torsion angle (M-14) 



Distal maximum breadth (M-6) 



Distal maximum depth (M-7) 



Talar trochlear articular breadth 3 



Medial talar articular depth 4 



Lateral talar articular depth 5 



385.0 

 375.0 

 360.0 

 360.5 

 34.3 

 21.3 

 87.5 

 38.1 

 21.3 

 94.0 

 77.0 

 76.1 

 34.5 

 34.4 

 46.7 

 40.9 

 48.0 

 16° 

 13° 

 11° 

 8° 

 20° 

 49.1 

 40.3 

 30.0 

 26.2 

 33.7 



Table 13 Comparative tibial second moment of area diaphyseal shape 

 indices, I m „/I min , for Gough's Cave 1 and Mesolithic samples. 



1 The average distance, measured parallel to the diaphyseal axis, from the middle of 

 the talar trochlear surface to the middle of each condyle (Ruff & Hayes, 1983). 

 ; The distance perpendicular to the diaphyseal axis from the antero-posterior middle 

 of the condyles to the coronal plane tangent to the anterior surface of the tibial 

 tuberosity (Trinkaus, 1983). 



3 The medio-lateral breadth of the talar trochlear facet from the antero-posterior 

 middle of the lateral margin to the middle of the curve between the trochlear and the 

 medial malleolar facets (Trinkaus, 1983; Ruff, 1990). 



4 The minimum antero-posterior dimension of the talar trochlear facet taken adjacent 

 to the medial malleolus (Trinkaus. 1983; Ruff, 1990). 



s The maximum antero-posterior dimension of the talar trochlear facet taken adjacent 

 to the fibular articulation (Trinkaus, 1983; Ruff, 1990). 



Table 12 Second moments of area of the Gough's Cave 1 right tibial 

 diaphysis (in mm 4 and degrees). 



20% AP second moment of area (I x ) 

 20% ML second moment of area (I ) 



y 



20% Maximum second moment of area (I m 



20% Minimum second moment of area (I 



20% Polar moment of area (J) 



20% Angle of I max (theta) 



35% AP second moment of area (I ) 



35% ML second moment of area (I ) 

 y 

 35% Maximum second moment of area (I m 



35% Minimum second moment of area (I . 



35% Polar moment of area (J) 



35% Angle of I mM (theta) 



50% AP second moment of area (1^) 



50% ML second moment of area (I ) 



50% Maximum second moment of area (I m 



50% Minimum second moment of area (I 



50% Polar moment of area (J) 



50% Angle of I nm (theta) 



65% AP second moment of area (IJ 



65% ML second moment of area (I ) 



y 



65% Maximum second moment of area (I 

 65% Minimum second moment of area (I 

 65% Polar moment of area (J) 

 65% Angle of I max (theta) 

 80% AP second moment of area (I x ) 

 80% ML second moment of area (I ) 

 80% Maximum second moment of area (I m 

 80% Minimum second moment of area (I 

 80% Polar moment of area (J) 

 80% Angle of I (theta) 



14154.4 

 12798.3 

 15461.6 

 11491.1 

 26952.7 



125° 

 17618.5 

 12738.0 

 21220.1 

 9136.4 

 30356.5 



119° 

 29204.5 

 15067.5 

 33212.7 

 11059.3 

 44272.0 



113° 

 42160.0 

 16796.3 

 46262.6 

 12693.7 

 58956.3 



111° 

 58126.5 

 32073.3 

 65287.7 

 24912.2 

 90199.9 



115° 



Gough's Cave 1 



Mesolithic Sample 



Mesolithic Males 



20% 

 35% 

 50% 

 65% 

 80% 



1.35 



2.32 

 3.00 

 3.64 

 2.62 



1.38 ± 0.25; N= 12 

 2.23 ± 0.40; N = 13 

 2.59 ± 0.46; N = 47 

 2.89 + 0.44; N= 16 

 2.44 ± 0.46; N = 1 1 



1.32 ±0.22 

 2.19 ±0.34 

 2.63 ± 0.47 

 2.86 ±0.41 



N = 7 

 N = 8 

 N = 34 

 N= 10 



2.47±0.53;N = 8 



Table 14 Cross-sectional areas of the Gough's Cave 

 diaphysis (in mm 2 ). 



20% Total area (TA) 

 20% Cortical area (CA) 

 20% Medullary area (MA) 

 35% Total area (TA) 

 35% Cortical area (CA) 

 35% Medullary area (MA) 

 50% Total area (TA) 

 50% Cortical area (CA) 

 50% Medullary area (MA) 

 65% Total area (TA) 

 65% Cortical area (CA) 

 65% Medullary area (MA) 

 80% Total area (TA) 

 80% Cortical area (CA) 

 80% Medullary area (MA) 



right tibial 



480.2 

 224.1 

 256.1 

 432.5 

 299.5 

 133.0 

 491.1 

 375.8 

 115.3 

 566.8 

 404.4 

 162.4 

 793.7 

 432.5 

 361.2 



Table 15 Comparative tibial percent cortical area (%CA = (CA/TA) x 

 100) for Gough's Cave 1 and Mesolithic samples. 





Gough's Cave 1 



Mesolithic Sample 



Mesolithic Males 



20% 



46.7 



57.3 ± 4.8; N= 15 



55.8 ± 3.9; N = 9 



35% 



69.2 



81.0 ± 3.0; N= 16 



80.8 ± 2.5; N= 10 



50% 



76.5 



84.4 ± 5.0; N = 53 



85.0 ± 4.4; N = 38 



65% 



71.4 



68.6 ± 4.5; N= 16 



68.2 ± 4.3; N= 10 



80% 



54.5 



51.2±5.0;N= 15 



51.3 ±5.4; N = 8 



samples, with the 50% and especially the 65% ratios being well 

 above those Mesolithic means (Table 13). 



In terms of diaphyseal robusticity, the Gough's Cave 1 tibia on 

 average is similar to those of other Mesolithic specimens. Its percent 

 cortical area values are below Mesolithic means for the mid and 

 distal diaphysis, but above those means in the proximal diaphysis 

 (Table 15). A diaphyseal robusticity index (from the geometric mean 

 of the midshaft diameters versus articular length) is 7.5 for Gough's 

 Cave 1, which is very close to the means of Mesolithic (7.6 ± 0.6, N 

 = 24) and Mesolithic male (7.8 ± 0.6, N = 17) samples. The plots of 

 midshaft cortical area and polar moment of area versus appropriate 

 powers of femoral or tibial and femoral length (Fig. 13) place 

 Gough's Cave 1 clearly well within the Mesolithic ranges of varia- 

 tion is slightly below a number of those specimens. 



Proximal Epiphysis (Fig. 14) 



The tibial plateau presents small intercondylar spines, a distinctly 

 concave medial condylar surface, and an evenly convex lateral 

 condylar surface. There is a nearly horizontal fibular facet, with its 

 maximum dimension of 20.2mm approximately medio-lateral and 

 the minimum diameter of 14.5mm approximately antero-posterior. 

 There is a clear sulcus for the M. semimembranosus tendon, but there 

 is no smoothing of the bone in the sulcus for its insertion. 



The tibial plateau is strongly rotated relative to the diaphysis, with 

 a torsion angle of 20°. However, this value is close to the means of 

 variable Mesolithic (22.7° ± 12.4°, N = 15) and Mesolithic male 



