14 



E. TRINKAUS 



Fig. 11 Anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the Gough's Cave 1 tibiae and fibulae, with the heavily reconstructed left tibia and fibula shown only 

 in anterior view; x 0.4. 



(22.4° ± 9.9, N = 12) samples. The Gough's Cave 1 tibia also has 

 clear retroversion of the condyles, with a medial retroversion angle 

 of 15°. However, this value is also very close to the means of 

 Mesolithic ( 15.3 ± 5. 1 °, N = 1 8) and Mesolithic male (15.0° ± 4.7°, 

 N = 15) samples. All of these retroversion angles are normal for non- 

 industrial recent humans (Trinkaus, 1975a). 



Similarly, the overall dimensions of the tibial plateau, quantified 

 by an index of maximum breadth versus articular length of 2 1 . 1 for 

 Gough's Cave 1, is normal for Mesolithic samples (22.4 ± 1.8, N - 

 12, and 22.1 ± 1.5, N = 11 for males only). One feature in which the 

 Gough's Cave 1 proximal tibia is further from the mean of the 

 comparative samples is in relative tuberosity projection, or the 

 posterior displacement of the tibial condyles from the tibial tuberos- 

 ity (a measure of the M. quadriceps femoris moment arm through the 

 patellar ligament). The Gough's Cave 1 value of 13.3 is significantly 



above the mean of a small Mesolithic pooled-sex sample (9.4 ± 1.4, 

 N = 6), and still well above the mean of a male sample (10.5 ± 2.0, N 

 = 4). 



Distal Epiphysis 



The Gough's Cave 1 tibial distal epiphysis is likewise unremarkable. 

 Its talar trochlear articular surface, relative to tibial length, is similar 

 in size to other Mesolithic tibiae. The index formed by the geometric 

 mean of its breadth with the average of its depth measurements 

 versus articular length is 8.3 - this value is close to the means for 

 Mesolithic (8. 1 ± 0.6, N = 23) and Mesolithic male (8. 1 ± 0.6, N = 1 8) 

 samples. 



It does present a clear lateral squatting facet, 9.0mm wide and 

 3.7mm proximo-distal. There is no trace of a medial squatting facet 

 or other rounding of the anterior articular margin. 



