16 



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Fig. 13 Plots of the Gough's Cave 1 tibial midshaft logged cross- 

 sectional parameters versus loggen tibial length. Solid hexagons: 

 Gough's Cave 1 right and left femora; gray squares: Mesolithic males; 

 open squares: Mesolithic females. 



areas are the soleal line proximally (preserved on the right bone) and 

 a broad area on the posterior midshaft (evident on both fibulae). The 

 soleal line is a broad, rugose area, 13.5mm long and up to 12.7mm 

 wide. It forms a slight depression and has a small lip medially. The 

 right midshaft exhibits a broad rugose area ca.40.0mm long along 

 the posterior surface. A similar but much less rugose area is present 

 on the left diaphysis. The attachments for the distal interosseus (or 

 tibio-fibular) ligaments are modest, spiraling from proximo-anterior 

 to disto-posterior. 



Morphometrically, the Gough's Cave 1 right fibula is similar to 

 those of other Mesolithic humans. Its midshaft maximum to mini- 

 mum diameter index of 133.6 is moderately below to the means of 

 highly variable samples (Mesolithic: 141.6± 17.7. N = 40; Mesolithic 

 males: 140.0 ± 1 8.6, N = 22). It is slightly less robust than most other 

 Mesolithic fibulae, as indicated by an index between the geometric 

 mean of its midshaft diameters and maximum length (Gough's Cave 

 1:3.8; Mesolithic: 4.2 ± 0.6, N = 20; Mesolithic males: 4.2 ± 0.3, N 

 = 13). 



It is also possible, with smaller comparative samples, to assess its 



Table 16 Osteometries of the Gough's Cave 1 right fibula. 



Maximum length (M-l) (366.0) 



Articular length (M-la) (356.0) 



Midshaft maximum diameter (M-2) 15.9 



Midshaft minimum diameter (M-3 ) 11.9 



Midshaft circumference (M-4) 45.5 



Neck maximum diameter 13.1 



Neck minimum diameter 10.5 



Neck circumference (M-4a) 37.0 



Proximal epiphyseal medio-lateral diameter 29.8 



Proximal epiphyseal antero-posterior diameter 24.4 



Proximal tibial facet medio-lateral diameter 20.9 



Proximal tibial facet antero-posterior diameter 18.2 



Proximal articular angle ' 111° 



Distal maximum depth 2 24.9 



Distal articular depth 3 19.5 



Distal articular length 4 22.7 



Distal articular angle 5 19° 



' The angle between the antero-medial to postero-lateral plane of the proximal tibial 



facet and the diaphyseal axis. 



1 The maximum antero-posterior diameter of the epiphysis, measured parallel to the 



talar surface. 



' The maximum antero-posterior diameter of the talar articular surface. 



4 The maximum proximo-distal diameter of the talar articular facet, measured 

 parallel to the long axis of the facet. 



5 The angle in coronal plane of the talocrural articulation between the chord for the 

 articular height and the diaphyseal axis. 



neck proportions. A maximum to minimum diameter index of 124.8 

 for Gough's Cave 1 is relatively low (Mesolithic: 141.9 ± 13.2, N = 

 4). However, the size of its neck circumference vis-a-vis midshaft 

 circumference (81.3) is close to the values for other Mesolithic 

 fibulae (79.8 ± 2.2, N = 4). 



Proximal Epiphysis 



The right fibula preserves a large rounded head with a subcircular flat 

 facet for the tibia. It is notable primarily for its development of a very 

 large ossification of the proximal tibio-fibular ligament (Fig. 11). 

 The crest is rounded on its medial margin, 22.8mm long (proximo- 

 distally), 13.1mm thick, and projects ca.9.0mm from the adjacent 

 head. Interestingly, there is no counterpart on the proximal tibia, only 

 the tapering off of the modest interosseus line previously noted. 



Distal Epiphysis 



The right distal epiphysis generally smooth in its external surfaces. 

 The digital fossa is modest in size, and the malleolar surface is gently 

 convex in a proximo-distal direction. The angle between the proximo- 

 distal chord of the articular surface relative to the diaphyseal axis 

 ( 19°) fallsclose to means of variable Mesolithic (20.1° ±6.5°, N = 7) 

 and Mesolithic male (21.0° ± 6.4°, N = 5) samples. 



TALUS 



Inventory 



Right (No. 1.1/29) 



A complete bone, which has had holes drilled in the medial calcaneal 



surface and the sulcus tali for analytical samples. 



Morphology 



The right talus of Gough's Cave 1 (Table 17; Fig. 15) is a modest 

 bone with generally smooth surfaces. In overall length relative to 

 femoral length, it is very close to other Mesolithic specimens [12.6 

 versus 12.6 ± 0.4 for Mesolithic (N = 1 1 ) and male Mesolithic (N = 

 6) samples]. Similarly, its relative trochlear length (versus length) 



