18 



Fig. 15 Dorsal (above) and plantar (below) views of the Gough's Cave 1 

 right talus and cuboid bone; x 0.9. 



Table 17 Osteometries of the Gough's Cave 1 right talus. 



60.5 

 55.0 

 26.0 



46.7 

 35.8 

 28.3 

 11.4 

 26.5 

 28.0 



9.0 

 29.5 

 20.0 

 37.2 

 21.6 

 35.0 

 23.5 



5° 

 23° 

 34° 

 41° 



59° 



Maximum (lateral) length 1 

 Length (M-l) 

 Articular height (M-3b) 

 Articular breadth (M-2b) 

 Trochlear length (M-4) 

 Trochlear breadth (M-5) 

 Trochlear height (M-6) 

 Lateral malleolar height- 

 Lateral malleolar oblique height (M-7a) 

 Lateral malleolar breadth (M-7) 

 Lateral malleolar length 3 

 Head and neck length (M-8) 

 Head length (M-9) 

 Head breadth (M-10) 

 Posterior calcaneal length (M-12) 

 Posterior calcaneal breadth (M-13) 

 Trochlear angle 4 

 Neck angle (M-16) 

 Torsion angle (M-l 7) 

 Posterior calcaneal angle (M-l 5) 

 Subtalar angle 5 



1 Distance from the distal head to the proximal lateral tubercle parallel to the sagittal 

 plane of the trochlea. 



2 Distance from plantar-lateral tip of the lateral malleolar surface to the highest point 

 on the lateral malleolar arc, measured in the coronal and sagittal planes determined 

 by the horizontal plane of the mid-trochlea. 



'The antero-posterior maximum distance on the articular surface for the lateral 

 malleolus (Day & Wood, 1968). 



4 Angle between the medial and lateral margins of the middle of the trochlea 

 (Trinkaus, 1975b). 



5 Angle between the long axis of the subtalar joint (midline across the medial and post- 

 erior calcaneal surfaces) and the median sagittal plane of the trochlea (Trinkaus, 1975b). 





E. TRINKAUS 



Table 18 Discrete trait features of the Gough 



s Cave 1 right talus. 



Calcaneal surface fusion 



partial anterior & medial 1 



Anterior extension of the medial malleolar 



present 



surface 2 





Medial extension of the trochlea 



present 



Lateral extension of the trochlea 



present 



Medial squatting facet 



absent 



Lateral squatting facet 



present 



Sulcus tali facet 



absent 



Sulcus tali margin rounding 



present 



1 Partial fusion of the anterior and medial surfaces with a notch present along the 



sulcus tali margin (see Trinkaus. 1975a). 



2 For definitions of variations, see Bamett ( 1954) and Trinkaus (1975a). 



Table 19 Osteometries of the Gough's Cave 1 right cuboid. 



Maximum length (M-l) 

 Medial length 1 

 Lateral length (M-2) 

 Height 2 



Calcaneal height 1 

 Calcaneal breadth 4 

 Navicular height 

 Navicular breadth 

 Lateral cuneiform height 

 Lateral cuneiform breadth 

 Metatarsal 4/5 height 

 Metatarsal 4/5 breadth 

 Metatarsal 4 height 

 Metatarsal 4 breadth 

 Metatarsal 5 height 

 Metatarsal 5 breadth 



38.4 

 29.7 

 13.5 

 26.6 

 23.5 

 30.0 

 11.2 

 5.8 

 17.3 

 13.2 

 19.3 

 28.5 

 19.3 

 12.7 

 14.5 

 15.8 



1 Minimum distance on the medial side between the calcaneal and metatarsal 4 

 facets. 



2 Maximum dorso-plantar height of the bone. 



3 All articular facet heights are the maximum dorso-plantar dimension of the articular 

 facet in question. 



4 Articular facet breadths are the maximum medio-lateral dimensions for the 

 calcaneal and metatarsal facets and the maximum proximo-distal dimensions for the 

 navicular and lateral cuneiform facets. 



relatively long bone that is strongly narrowed laterally. An index 

 comparing its maximum length to that of the talus provides a value 

 of 69.8, which is exceeded only by that of Le Peyrat 5 (70.9) in a 

 small 80% male sample of Mesolithic cuboid bones (62.8 ± 5.0, N - 

 5). At the same time, its index of the lateral length to maximum 

 (medial) length (35.2) is the lowest of the available Mesolithic 

 indices (49.7 ± 8.3, N = 5), again approached only by the one from Le 

 Peyrat 5 (35.8). 



The non-articular surfaces of the bone are quite porous, and the 

 articular surfaces themselves have generally distinct but rounded 

 margins. There is a large facet for the navicular bone, which is 

 separated from the calcaneal facet by 2.0mm of non-articular bone 

 and blends into the lateral cuneiform facet with only a modest angle 

 in the subchondral bone surface. The metatarsal 4 and 5 facets are 

 partially separated by a vertical ridge, with the metatarsal 5 facet 

 being distinctly wider but shorter. 



The peroneal sulcus exhibits a lateral projection for the tendon of 

 M. pewneus longus, but its surface shows no evidence of an articu- 

 lation with a sesamoid bone. 



