HUMAN DENTAL REMAINS FROM GOUGH'S CAVE 



25 



LRM,. There is postmortem loss of the LI,, RI,, LR C , and RP 4 . There 

 is no evidence of cultural treatment or modification of the teeth. 



CROWN WEAR. All maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth present 

 and all first molars exhibit slight to moderate (grade = 1 ) wear. All 

 second molars have only wear facets present (grade = 0.5). All third 

 molars are unerupted and lack wear. 



Enamel pressure chipping. 

 mandibular teeth. 



None occurs on either maxillary or 



Pathology. No evidence occurs of caries, abscess, calculus, perio- 

 dontal disease, or enamel hypoplasia on maxillary or mandibular 

 teeth. 



Crown morphology. Maxillary dentition: LRI 1 : labial curvature 

 = 1, there is no winging. LRI 1 2 : Absence of shovel, double shovel, 

 interruption groove, tuberculum dentale. LRI 2 are not peg-shaped, or 

 reduced. LR C : lack shovel, double shovel, tuberculum dentale, me- 

 sial or distal accessory ridges. LP 3 : lacks double shovel, accessory 

 cusps, disto-sagittal ridge, enamel extension, odontome, MxPAR, or 

 buccal style. LM 1 : metacone = 4, hypocone = 5, lack of cusp 5. LM 2 : 

 metacone = 3.5, hypocone = 3, cusp 5 = 4 with the presence of cusp 

 6, (grade 1 on the UM5 plaque, with cusp 5 very much larger than 

 cusp 6). Both molars lack Carabelli's trait, parastyle, and enamel 

 extension. Mandibular dentition: RI, and LI,: absence of shovel. 

 LRP 3 : lack enamel extension and odontome. RP,: grade = 1 lingual 

 cusp. LP 4 : single lingual cusp (grade = 0). LRM,: Y-5 pattern (cusp 

 5 = grade 5), protostylid = 1, enamel extension = 2, with absence of 

 anterior fovea, cusp 7. LRM,: + 5 pattern (cusp 5 = grade 3), with 

 absence of deflecting wrinkle, distal and mid-trigonid crest, 

 protostylid, cusp 7. 



ROOT MORPHOLOGY. Maxillary dentition: LI 1 : single root, with 

 one radical. LI 2 : single root with two radicals. L c : single root with 

 three radicals. LP 3 : single root with two radicals. Mandibular denti- 

 tion: All incisors, canines and premolars are single root teeth. RI,: 

 four radicals. LI,: two radicals. RP,: presence of Tomes' root (grade 

 = 3), six radicals. LP,: presence of Tomes' root, four radicals. 



Odontometric data 





crown dimensions 



crown 



root 



crown 



crown 



crown 





MD 



BL 



height 



length 



index 



area 



module 



LI 1 



9.28 



7.85 



_ 



12.20 



_ 



_ 



_ 



RI 1 



9.45 



7.73 



- 



- 



- 



- 



- 



LP 



7.38 



7.23 



- 



12.95 



- 



- 



- 



RI 2 



7.48 



7.55 



- 



- 



- 



- 



- 



L c 



7.50 



9.50 



- 



14.80 



- 



- 



- 



R c 



7.40 



9.58 



- 



- 



- 



- 



- 



LP 3 



6.43 



9.28 



- 



10.00 



144.32 



59.67 



7.86 



LM 1 



10.83 



12.83 



- 



- 



118.47 



138.95 



11.83 



LM 2 



10.23 



13.23 



- 



- 



129.33 



135.34 



11.73 



dim 2 



9.48 



11.50 



- 



- 





- 



- 



RI, 



5.70 



6.38 



- 



11.53 







_ 



LI, 



6.23 



7.03 



- 



13.48 







- 



LP, 



6.80 



8.63 



- 



11.20 



126.91 



58.68 



7.72 



RP 3 



6.78 



8.90 



- 



11.18 



131.27 



60.34 



7.84 



LP 4 



7.15 



8.50 



- 



- 



118.88 



60.78 



7.83 



LM, 



11.58 



11.15 



- 



- 



96.29 



129.12 



11.37 



RM, 



11.78 



11.10 



- 



- 



94.23 



130.76 



11.44 



LM 2 



11.90 



10.43 



- 



- 



87.65 



124.12 



11.17 



RM", 



11.20 



10.18 



- 



- 



90.89 



1 14.02 



10.69 



Specimen. Gough'sCave 87-103a 



Time period. Late Pleistocene (Late Upper Paleolithic) 



Description. An isolated LI 1 does not match any of the maxillary 



alveolar sockets present. There is perimortem damage to the distal 

 third of the labial enamel surface. Occlusal wear and degree of root 

 formation suggests the individual was middle-old age adult. 



Crown wear. Heavy wear occurs on the occlusal surface up to, 

 but not exposing, the pulp chamber (grade = 3). An estimated loss of 

 one-half of the total crown has occurred, with only the cervical one- 

 half of the crown remaining. 



Enamel pressure chipping. No evidence noted of antemortem 

 chipping. Postmortem chipping occurs on the distal one-third of the 

 labial crown surface. 



Pathology. No carious activity is present in root or crown. No 

 evidence occurs of enamel hypoplasia or calculus on the remaining 

 cervical half of the crown. 



Crown morphology. Tooth is too worn to score for traits (labial 

 curve, winging, shovel, double shovel, interruption groove, tubercu- 

 lum dentale). 



ROOT MORPHOLOGY. LI 1 : single root, no radicals. 



Odontometric data 



crown dimensions 

 MD BL 



crown 

 height 



root 

 length 



crown 

 index 



crown 

 area 



crown 

 module 



LI 1 



6.98 



6.30 



Specimen. Gough's Cave 87-139 [460-B-ALT; 301.0] 



Time period. Late Pleistocene (Late Upper Paleolithic) 



Description. Specimen is of an adult maxilla, with complete 

 alveolus and palate. Based on eruption and degree of occlusal 

 wear, this individual is an adult, possibly young-middle age. Max- 

 illary teeth present are the LRI 12 , LR C , LRP 3 , RP 4 , and LRM 1 2 , 

 with antemortem loss of LP*. Postmortem damage occurred on the 

 buccal surfaces of the LP 3 , the LM' and LRM 2 .The RM 3 is missing 

 postmortem, and the LM 3 is congenitally absent. No evidence of 

 cultural treatment or modification was found. Although Humphrey 

 and Stringer (n.d.) suggest a possible association between this 

 specimen and GC87-253, a lack of occlusion and lack of matching 

 enamel pressure chipping patterns on the anterior dentition of 

 GC87-253 argue against the two specimens representing a single 

 individual. 



Crown wear. Slight-moderate, with heaviest wear on first molars 

 (grade = 1.5), anterior teeth (grade = 1), and wear facets without 

 dentine exposure (grade = 0.5) on the second molars. 



Enamel pressure chipping. There is a minor degree of chipping 

 on the disto-labial surfaces of LRI 1 , the mesio-occlusal surfaces of 

 LRI 2 , and the buccal surface of L c . 



Pathology. Antemortem loss of LP 4 has occurred. No caries, 

 abscessing, or calculus noted. Slight enamel hypoplastic pitting 

 (acute episode) occurs near the CEJ on LI 2 , LR C , and RM 1 . All 

 remaining teeth do not display hypoplasia. 



CROWN MORPHOLOGY. LRI 1 : labial curvature = 1, tuberculum 

 dentale = 1, absence of shovel, double shovel, interruption groove, 

 and winging.; LRI 2 : both teeth lack shovel, double shovel, interrup- 

 tion grooves, and are not peg/reduced shaped; RI 2 has tuberculum 

 dentale = 2, (LP is missing data) ; LR C : absence of shovel, double 

 shovel, tuberculum dentale, mesial accessory ridge; LRP 3 : no double 

 shovel on RP 3 (missing data for LP 3 ), lack of mesial/distal accessory 

 cusps, disto-sagittal ridge, enamel extension, odontome, buccal style 



