26 



D.E. HAWKEY 



on both teeth; RP 4 : no accessory cusps, enamel extension, odontome, 

 buccal style; RM 1 : metacone = 4, hypocone = 4, absence of cusp 5, 

 Carabelli's trait, parastyle, enamel extension; LM': hypocone = 4, 

 lack of Carabelli's trait, enamel extension; RM 2 : enamel extension = 

 1 , absence of hypocone, cusp 5, Carabelli's trait; LM 2 : metacone = 4, 

 hypocone = 1, absence of cusp 5, Carabelli's trait. 



Root morphology. 

 Odontometric data 



Could not be determined. 



crown dimensions crown root crown crown crown 

 MD BL height length index area module 



LI 1 



9.60 



7.45 



RI 1 



9.90 



7.33 



LI 2 



8.20 



7.90 



RI 2 



7.85 



7.28 



L c 



8.13 



9.85 



R c 



7.95 



9.98 



LP 3 



6.73 



9.03 



RP 3 



6.03 



- 



RP 4 



5.75 



8.83 



LM 1 



- 



12.20 



RM 1 



10.28 



- 



LM 2 



9.75 



- 



134.17 60.77 



Specimen. Gough's Cave 87-253 [304.0] 



Time period. Late Pleistocene (Late Upper Paleolithic) 



Description. Mandibular fragment of an adult male, consisting 

 mainly of the right portion of the mandible, separated just distal to 

 LI 2 , and including the lower portion of the right ramus. There is 

 postmortem loss of LRI r RI,, RP, . The RM, is congenitally absent. 

 Mandibular teeth present are the LI, (89/003) R c (87/263), RP 4 (89/ 

 002), and RM ir There is no evidence of cultural treatment or 

 modification. On the basis of occlusal wear and calculus deposition, 

 this adult is estimated to be young-middle age. 



Crown wear. Slight-moderate, with heaviest wear (grade = 1 .5) 

 on the first molar and anterior teeth (grade = 1 ), and second molars 

 with wear faceting, but no dentine exposure (grade = 0.5). 



Enamel pressure chipping. None. 



Pathology. No caries, abscessing, or periodontal disease occur. 

 There is possible pitting on the buccal surface near CEJ on the R c . A 

 slight degree of calculus is present at the CEJ of all teeth. 



Crown morphology. LI 2 : absence of shovel; RP 4 :single lingual 

 cusp (grade = 0), absence of odontomes, absence of buccal style; 

 RM^ Y-5 pattern (cusp 5 = grade 4), enamel extension present (grade 

 = 2), absence of protostylid, cusp 7; RM 2 : X-4 pattern, enamel 

 extension present (grade = 3), absence of deflecting wrinkle, distal 

 trigonid crest, mid-trigonid crest, protostylid, cusp 7. 



Root morphology. All incisors, canines and premolars are sin- 

 gle-rooted; LI,: radicals = 2 ; R c : radicals = 2; RP 4 : radicals = 1. 



Odontometric data 



crown dimensions crown 

 MD BL height 



root 

 length 



crown 

 index 



crown 

 area 



crown 

 module 



LL 



5.15 



6.50 



R 



7.68 



8.70 



RP, 



6.58 



8.33 



RM, 



10.08 



10.45 



RM, 



10.15 



10.58 



13.53 



126.60 54.81 

 103.67 105.34 

 104.24 107.39 



7.46 

 10.33 

 10.37 



Specimen. Gough's Cave 89-001 [Area I/Ml 02/70 1.0] 



TIME PERIOD. Late Pleistocene (Late Upper Paleolithic) 



Description. An isolated tooth, LP 4 , that does not belong to the 

 same individual as Gough's Cave 89-002 or 89-003, on the basis of 

 morphology, metrics or degree of wear. Amount of occlusal wear and 

 degree of root formation suggest a young adult. 



Crown wear. Slight wear facets (grade = 0.5) are on the buccal/ 

 occlusal surface, although no dentine is exposed. 



Enamel pressure chipping. None. 



Pathology. No caries or enamel hypoplasia, but a slight degree of 

 calculus is present on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the cervical 

 fourth of the crown. 



Crown morphology. Single lingual cusp (grade = 0), trace of 

 buccal style (both mesial and distal), no odontome. 



Root morphology. Single rooted, with three radicals. 



Odontometric data 



crown dimensions crown root crown crown crown 

 MD BL height length index area module 



LP, 



7.10 



8.25 



6.93 116.20 58.58 



100 BP [OxA-2236] 



Specimen. Gough's Cave #6 



TIME PERIOD. Late Pleistocene: 11,700 

 (Late Upper Paleolithic ) 



Description. An almost complete mandible (missing right ra- 

 mus) of an adult male. Only the RM, is present. There is postmortem 

 loss of LRI, „ LR r , LRP, „, LRM, , and LM,. Both LRM, are congeni- 



1.2 C 3.4' 1 2 3 ° 



tally absent. There is no evidence of cultural treatment or modification 

 on the remaining tooth. The individual appears to be middle-old age 

 on the basis of occlusal wear and amount of root exposure. 



Crown wear. 

 RM,. 



Moderate wear (grade = 2) of dentine exposure on 



Enamel pressure chipping. None. 



Pathology. No evidence for abscessing occurs. No caries, calcu- 

 lus, enamel hypoplasia present on remaining tooth, although there is 

 a slight degree (1-2 mm) of root exposure. 



Crown morphology. 



7. 



RM,: 4-cusped, lacking a protostylid, cusp 



Root morphology. All incisors, canines and premolars are sin- 

 gle-rooted. Both first molars are two-rooted, although the root 

 sockets of RM, indicate that the mesial root is slightly bifurcated 

 (approximately a fourth of the total root length). The RM 2 is three- 

 rooted and the socket for LM, has a mesial and distal root socket with 

 a small auxiliary lingual root socket positioned just distal to the 

 mesial alveolar socket, suggesting a 3-rooted tooth. 



Odontometric data 



crown dimensions crown root crown crown crown 

 MD BL height length index area module 



RM, 



12.03 



10.90 



90.61 131.13 



11.47 



Specimen. Gough's Cave #1 ['Cheddar Man'] 



TIME PERIOD. Early Holocene: 9,080 ±1 50 BP[BM-525]; 9, 100: 

 100 BP [OxA-814] (Mesolithic/Creswellian) 



