HUMAN DENTAL REMAINS FROM GOUGH'S CAVE 



27 



Description. Adult male with an almost complete mandible (miss- 

 ing left coronoid process and the left and right condyle) and an 

 almost complete maxilla (missing the palate). Maxillary teeth: Present 

 are the LRM 1 2 -' with postmortem loss of RI 1 2 , R c , RP\ LRP 4 . The 

 remainder of the teeth (LI 1 - 2 , L c , LP 1 ) were damaged postmortem and 

 observations were not made. Mandibular teeth: The LRI , LR , 

 LP, ., and LRM, , 3 are present. Postmortem loss of RP, 4 had occurred. 

 There was no evidence of any cultural treatment or modification of 

 the teeth. On the basis of eruption and occlusal wear, the individual 

 was of young-middle age. 



Crown wear. Moderate to slight, with heaviest wear on LP 4 , and 

 RM , (grade =1.5), remaining anterior teeth and LM (grade = 1 ), and 

 all remaining molars (grade = 0.5). 



Enamel pressure chipping. RM 1 : lingual portion of the hypo- 

 cone. 



Pathology. No evidence occurs of caries, abscessing, periodontal 

 disease, enamel hypoplasia, or calculus. 



Crown morphology . Maxillary teeth : LRM ' : metacone = grade 

 4, hypocone = grade 4, absence of cusp 5, Carabelli's trait, parastyle, 

 and enamel extension. RM 2 : metacone = 4, hypocone = 3, cusp 5 = 

 3, with lack of Carabelli's trait, parastyle, enamel extension. LM 2 : 

 metacone = 4, hypocone = 1 , with absence of cusp 5, Carabelli's trait, 

 parastyle, and enamel extension. LRM 1 : metacone = 3.5, hypocone 

 = 1, with absence of cusp 5, Carabelli's trait, parastyle, enamel 

 extension. Neither third molar exhibited a peg or reduced form. 

 Mandibular teeth: All incisors lacked shovel. L c : absence of distal 

 accessory ridge. LP,: lacked a lingual cusp (grade = A), and both 

 LP, did not have enamel extension, or odontomes. LRM,: have the 

 Y-5 pattern (cusp 5 grade = 5), and lack protostylid, cusp 7, and 

 enamel extension. LRM, and LM 3 :have an X-4 pattern, with absence 

 of deflecting wrinkle, distal and mid-trigonid crests, protostylid, 

 cusp 7, and enamel extension. RM,: has a Y-4 pattern and also lacks 

 deflecting wrinkle, distal and mid-trigonid crest, protostylid, cusp 7. 

 Because molars are slightly crowded, the torso-molar angle could 

 not be assessed. 



Root morphology. RP, 4 : single-rooted. 

 Odontometry data 





crown dimensions 



crown 



root crown 



crown 



crown 





MD 



BL 



height 



length index 



area 



module 



LM 1 



10.80 



11.53 



_ 



106.76 



124.52 



11.17 



RM 1 



10.95 



11.55 



- 



105.48 



126.47 



11.25 



LM 2 



10.00 



11.68 



7.18 



116.80 



116.80 



10.84 



RM 2 



10.95 



11.75 



7.58 



107.31 



128.66 



11.35 



LM 3 



8.33 



11.13 



7.50 



133.61 



92.71 



9.73 



RM 3 



9.20 



11.38 



7.88 



123.70 



104.70 



10.29 



LI , 



4.65 



5.60 



- 



- 



- 



- 



W , 



4.93 



5.55 



- 



- 



- 



- 



u, 



5.15 



6.08 



- 



- 



- 



- 



RL, 



5.25 



5.93 



- 



- 



- 



- 



L r 



6.05 



7.63 



- 



- 



- 



- 



R r 



6.48 



7.50 



- 



- 



- 



- 



LP, 



6.40 



7.33 



- 



114.53 



46.91 



6.87 



LP, 



6.83 



7.98 



- 



116.84 



54.50 



7.41 



LM, 



11.03 



10.28 



- 



93.20 



113.39 



10.66 



RM, 



11.18 



10.33 



- 



92.40 



115.49 



10.76 



LM, 



10.03 



9.80 



8.13 



97.71 



98.29 



9.92 



RM, 



10.03 



10.08 



7.20 



100.50 



101.10 



10.06 



LM, 



10.68 



10.00 



8.18 



93.63 



106.80 



10.34 



RM, 



10.83 



10.03 



- 



92.61 



108.62 



10.43 



SPECIMEN DESCRIPTIONS: LATE 

 HOLOCENE 



Specimen. Gough's Cave #4 [Cooper 1929 No. 7] 



Time period. Late Holocene 



Description. Maxillary fragment separated along mid-line of a 

 young-late adolescent individual. Age category was made on the 

 basis of dental eruption, root formation and occlusal wear. The LM 1 

 is present, and the crown of the LM 3 is complete although unerupted, 

 with the roots not yet formed. Postmortem loss occurred of LI 1 2 , L c , 

 LP 34 , LM 2 . Alveolar sockets indicate the roots of LP 34 are com- 

 pletely formed, while the roots for LM 2 have not completely formed. 

 There is no indication of cultural modification or treatment of the 

 teeth. 



Crown wear. The LM' has slight wear faceting with no dentine 

 exposure (grade = 0.5). 



Enamel pressure chipping. None. 



Pathology. No caries, abscessing, periodontal disease, or enamel 

 hypoplasia present, although there is slight-moderate formation of 

 calculus on the buccal surface near CEJ. 



Crown morphology. LM 1 : metacone = 4, hypocone = 3.5, 

 Carabelli's trait = 2, absence of cusp 5, and enamel extension. There 

 is a very faint parastyle expression, although it is not the buccal pit 

 form (grade 1 ) and the expression of the trait is too weak to classify 

 it as grade 2, because it lacks a free apex. 



Root morphology. LI 1 2 , L c , LP 3 ' 4 : single-rooted teeth. 



Odontometry data 



crown dimensions crown root crown crown crown 

 MD BL height length index area module 



LM 1 



10.10 



5.85 



97.82 99.79 



9.99 



Specimen. Gough's Cave #5 [Cooper 1929] 



Time period. Late Holocene 



Description. Right mandibular fragment of an adult, with post- 

 mortem loss of R c , RP, 4 , RM,. The RM, is present. Degree of 

 occlusal wear suggests middle-old age. 



Crown wear. The RM, is heavily worn, with the pulp chamber 

 almost exposed (grade = 2.5). 



Enamel pressure chipping. RM,:buccal and mesio-buccal sur- 

 faces. 



Pathology. No caries, abscessing, periodontal disease, or enamel 

 hypoplasia, although a slight-moderate degree of calculus is present. 



Crown morphology. RM,:absence of enamel extension. 



Root morphology. R c , RP, 4 : single-rooted teeth. 



Odontometry data. None available due to wear. 



