42 
NAME. From the Latin primaevus, early, alluding to the earliest 
occurrence of the genus and family. 
DESCRIPTION. Colony encrusting. Autozooids arranged regularly 
quincuncially, the interzooidal boundaries indicated by thin suture 
lines; length = 0.46—0.56 mm long, width = 0.22—0.36 mm. Frontal 
shield centrally imperforate, rather smooth, with no apparent areolar 
pores. Primary orifice somewhat sunken, the proximal rim more-or- 
less straight without either sinus or median convexity. Secondary 
orifice in most zooids longer than wide with a small, semi-concealed 
suboral avicularium below its proximal rim; avicularium circular 
with a complete crossbar. No oral spines. Ovicell hyperstomial, 
somewhat recumbent on the succeeding zooid, the external surface 
smooth and imperforate, the proximal margin defined by extensions 
of the lateral zooid margins that pass across it; secondary orifice of 
ovicellate zooids subpyriform. 
REMARKS. This monotypic genus shares a number of characters 
with Miocene-Recent Aimulosia Jullien, 1888 (see Gordon 1989b; 
Hayward & Thorpe 1990). Significant differences include the lack 
of marginal areolar pores, sunken primary orifice, lack of median 
lyrula or denticle, lack of oral spines, and extensions of the lateral 
wall that cover the proximal rim of the ovicell. Collectively, these are 
deemed adequate for the recognition of a new genus. Chataimulosia 
primaeva is the earliest-known species of the austral family 
Buffonellodidae. 
DISCUSSION 
Paleogene southern hemisphere bryofaunas are relatively poorly 
known so the likelihood of range extensions and new taxa is corre- 
spondingly high. Such is the case with the Red Bluff Tuff Bryozoa. 
Of the 22 species with characters adequate for the application of 
species names, 21 are new and the remaining species is equivocal, 
hence local and regional endemism are very high. Three genera are 
new — Melychocella, Smitticellaria (Cellariidae) and Chataimulosia 
(Buffonellodidae), the latter comprising the earliest occurrence of 
the Buffonellodidae, the only family in the collection representative 
of a ‘cryptocystidean’ frontal shield. Forward range extensions 
include Flustrellaria, Inversaria, and possibly Escharicellaria and 
Pavobeisselina. Backward range extensions include Cinctipora and 
Cinctiporidae (discounting the possible Cinctipora from the Late 
Cretaceous of SouthAfrica), and Akatopora. Newly recorded for the 
southern hemisphere are Flustrellaria, Inversaria, Hippopleurifera, 
and possibly Hoplitaechmella, Escharicellaria and Pavobeisselina. 
The overall taxonomic character of the bryofauna is mixed, both 
geographically and temporally, with genera reminiscent of northern 
hemisphere Maastrichtian and Danian bryofaunas co-occurring with 
families like Arachnopusiidae and Romancheinidae that are com- 
mon in Neogene and Recent southern hemisphere bryofaunas. As 
with molluscs (Stilwell 1997), the Red Bluff Tuff bryofauna appears 
to bear little relationship to the bryofauna of the Late Cretaceous 
Kahuitara Tuff (Taylor 1996) which directly underlies it on Pitt 
Island. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. The collection reported on here was made during 
a palaeontological field expedition to the Chatham Islands during 17—24 
February 1997. Team members comprised Alan Beu, Hamish Campbell, 
Leonore Hoke (Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt), 
Phillip Maxwell (Waimate), Michael Griffin (Buenos Aires, visiting scientist 
at IGNS), Daphne Lee, Richard Kohler (University of Otago, Dunedin), and 
the authors. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of bryozoan samples 
D.P. GORDON AND P.D. TAYLOR 
from other team members in the field. The British Council funded travel 
associated with this research through an academic link scheme. DPG’s 
research was funded by the N.Z. Foundation for Research, Science & 
Technology Contract No. C01421. Professor E. Voigt is thanked for advice 
and the loan of photocards that helped to resolve some taxonomic problems. 
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