10 



S.E. CHURCHILL 



Table 1 Clavicular dimensions (mm) 



Measurement 



M.54053 



M.54054 



M.54055 



Maximum length (M-1) 



Articular length" 



Conoid length*" 



Midshaft maximum diameter' 



Midshaft minimum diameter' 



Midshaft circumference (M-6) 



Mid-proximal superoinferior diameter^ 



Mid-proximal anteroposterior diameter^ 



Mid-proximal circumference'' 



Proximal epiphyseal superoinferior diameter" 



Proximal epiphyseal anteroposterior diameter" 



Costal impression mediolateral diameter' 



Costal impression dorsoventral diameter' 



Conoid superoinferior diameter*! 



Conoid anteroposterior diameter^ 



Acromial superoinferior diameter'' 



Acromial anteroposterior diameter'' 



152 



146.2 



115.9 

 13.6 

 11.0 

 39 

 12.0 

 13.0 

 42 



(22) 

 15.9 

 17.9 

 10.9 

 14.6 

 17.8 

 10.9 

 19.3 



14.7 



11.8 



43 



(23.1) 



10.5 



[98] 

 11.9 



9.1 

 33 

 10.6 



8.8 

 32 



13.8 



7.3 



12.1 



13.5 



Martin numbers (M-#: Martin, 1928) for measurements are provided where appropriate. 



" direct distance between the mid-points of the proximal and distal epiphyses. 



'' direct distance from the mid-point of the proximal epiphysis to the middle of the conoid tubercle. 



■■ midshaft determined relative to articular length (midshaft position estimated for M.54055). 



'' taken at mid-conoid length (mid-proximal position estimated for M.54054 and M.54055). 



" maximum (SI) and minimum (AP) diameters of the proximal epiphysis. 



' mediolateral and dorsoventral diameters of the costoclavicular ligament attachment area. 



^ taken at the conoid tubercle perpendicular (SI) and parallel (AP) to the superior surface of the bone. 



'' acromial diameters taken perpendicular (SI) and parallel (AP) to the superior surface of the bone. 



Table 2 Comparative clavicular osteometries (mean, SD, n). 



Right claviculae 



M.54054 



M.54055 



U.Pd 



U.P5 



Conoid length 

 Mid-proximal SI diameter 

 Mid-proximal AP diameter 

 Conoid SI diameter 

 Conoid AP diameter 



Left claviculae 



14.7 

 11.8 



M.54053 



[98] 



10.6 



8.8 



12.1 



13.5 



111.3.7.9.8 

 11.9, 1.9,8 

 11.7, 1.0,8 

 11.7,2.2,8 

 17.5,2.0,8 



V.P.S 



103.6,7.6,4 



9.8, 0.6, 5 



10.2, 1.0,5 



10.4, 1.2,6 



15.4,2.1,6 



U.R9 



Maximum length 

 Articular length 

 Conoid length 

 Mid-proximal SI diameter 

 Mid-proximal AP diameter 

 Conoid SI diameter 

 Conoid AP diameter 



152 

 146.2 

 115.9 

 12.0 

 13.0 

 14.6 

 17.8 



145,8.9.8 

 141.8,8.7,8 

 112.2,9.5,9 

 11.0, 1.6, 12 

 11.7,0.8. 12 

 11.3.2.0. 11 

 15.9.2.0. 11 



128,-2 



125.6,-, 2 



100.1,5.8,3 



9.7, 0.5, 5 



lO.l, 1.2,5 



10.7,0.4,5 



13.8. 1.3,5 



All measurements are in millimeters and are defined in Table 1. 



comparative sample (Table 2). Both claviculae exhibit moderate to 

 heavy rugosity of muscle scars and ligament attachment areas. 

 M.54053 has greater mid-shaft cross-sectional strength measures 

 than the left claviculae of the male specimens Gough's Cave 1 and 

 Rocheriel 1 (Table 3). The right clavicle M.54054 is larger in some 

 cross-sectional strength values than Gough's Cave 1 and smaller in 

 others, likely reflecting shape differences related to differences in 

 mechanical loading (and hence behavioral) histories of the collarbone 

 in these two individuals. On the basis of size, robusticity and muscular 

 rugosity, it seems reasonable to conclude that M.54053 and M.54054 

 derived from male individuals, and that they likely belonged to the 

 same individual (see above). If they are indeed antimeres, the greater 

 development of the M. pectoralis major origin scar and costoclavicu- 

 lar ligament scars on the right side would suggest a considerable 

 degree of bilateral asymmetry in limb use and a right hand-dominant 

 individual . Based on the different stages of sternal epiphyseal fusion in 



the two sides, and again assuming both claviculae derive from the 

 same person, this individual was probably between the ages of 1 8 and 

 25 at the time of death (Williams & Warwick, 1980). 



The right clavicle M.54055 is much more gracile, in both external 

 and cross-sectional dimensions (Tables 2 and 3). In overall size and 

 shape this specimen compares most favourably with females of the 

 comparative sample and thus probably represents a female, although 

 the possibility that the specimen represents ajuvenile male cannot be 

 ruled out. Although the bone is relatively lightly constructed, the 

 muscle scars (especially that of M. deItoideiis)aTe fairly well defined 

 and the costoclavicular ligament attachment area is rugose. The 

 existence of a (possible) musculoskeletal stress marker at the attach- 

 ment of the trapezoid ligament suggests that this individual engaged 

 in a repetitive motion involving humeral abduction, since this motion 

 engenders scapular rotation and stresses the acromioclavicular 

 ligaments. 



