CRESWELLIAN HUMAN UPPER LIMB REMAINS 



13 



Fig. 5 Right scapula, M.54056, glenoid fossa in lateral view, 

 natural size. 



.25x 



are both fully fused and their growth lines are obliterated, indicating 

 an age in the third decade or older (Williams & Warwick. 1980). 



M.54058(GCl.l/38)(Fig. 9) 

 Left 



This is a fragment of a left scapula, preserving most of the glenoid 

 fossa (with damage only to the ventroinferior margin), the superior 

 half of the axillary border, the lateral root of the spine, and the root 

 of the coracoid process (Fig. 9). The fragment measures 89.6mm 

 superoinferiorly and 57.0mm mediolaterally. Transversely oriented 

 cutmarks can be seen on the axillary border. 



The glenoid fossa is piriform in shape. The attachment of the 

 glenoid labrum can be seen as a clear ridge along most of the margin 

 of the articular surface. There is no evidence of degenerative changes 

 to the joint surface, nor is there any indication of a central pit. The 

 supraglenoid tubercle is small. There is a small, thin crest extending 

 from the supraglenoid tubercle superiorly along the coracoid proc- 

 ess, perhaps demarking the attachment area of the coracohumeral 

 ligament. The infraglenoid tuberosity is large and long in the 

 superoinferior direction (ca. 21mm) and comes off the inferodorsal 

 aspect of the glenoid fossa rim. The infraglenoid tubercle is well 

 developed and the entire surface of the tubercle is rugose. The 

 axillary crest (crista medioaxillaris) runs directly inferiorly, main- 

 taining its position along the dorsal part of the border until it reaches 

 the broken edge of the border (ca. 55mm below the glenoid fossa 



Fig. 6 Right scapula, M.54056, axillary border in lateral view. Natural 

 size. 



rim). The ventral pillar (ventral scapular axillary buttress) is well 

 developed, broad and rounded, and forms a distinct, moderately deep 

 ventral sulcus anterior of the axillary crest. The dorsal pillar (dorsal 

 scapular axillary buttress) is thin and projecting, and is somewhat 

 more laterally placed than the ventral pillar. The dorsal pillar is 

 separated from the dorsal margin of the infraglenoid tubercle proxi- 

 mally by a clear sulcus (but the sulcus is evident only in the region of 

 the infraglenoid tubercle). It then develops as a thin, high ridge that 

 stops roughly 1 6mm inferiorly at the groove for the scapular circum- 

 flex artery. The intersection of the scapular circumflex artery and the 

 axillary border is positioned relatively superiorly in this specimen. 

 Below the groove the dorsal pillar is broader and forms the dorsal 

 edge of the border. 



The 'waist' of the superior border of the spine is preserved, as well 

 as the superior surface another 37mm laterally. Fine matrix and sand 

 adheres to the spine, nevertheless it is clear that the Mm. dehoideus 

 and trapezius markings are not overly rugose. The scapular notch is 

 very broad, the superior edge of the body forming an angle of about 

 1 10° with the medial edge of the coracoid process. The attachment 



