16 



S.E. CHURCHILL 



Fig. 11 Gough"s Cave humeral assemblage, anterior view, 0.5x natural 

 size. From left to right: M.54062 (left humerus). M.54063 (left 

 humerus). M. 54060 (right humerus), M. 54061 (right humerus). 



perhaps better considered as possessing a ventral sulcus. The other 

 preserved axillary borders exhibit well-developed ventral sulci as 

 well. In a small sample of late Upper Palaeolithic specimens (n=17), 

 Churchill (1994) found roughly equal proportions of ventral sulcate 

 (53% of individuals) and bisulcate (47% of individuals) scapulae. 



HUMERAL REMAINS 



M.54060 (GC 1950-51, Level 12) (Fig. 11) 

 Right 



This is a 96mm long fragment of a right humeral diaphysis, preserv- 

 ing only the ventrolateral surface (Fig. 1 1 ). The distal end of a 

 relatively smooth deltoid tuberosity is preserved. In the vicinity of 

 midshaft (at the distal end of the deltoid tuberosity) the lateral 

 cortical thickness is 4. 1 mm. 



M.54061 (GC 86 18/21) (Figs 11,12) 



Right 



These are two diaphyseal fragments that conjoin to form a 1 80.9mm 



long portion of a right humeral shaft (Figs 11. 12). The preserved 



Table 6 Dimensions (mm) of humeral fragment M.54061. 



Midshaft maximum diameter (M-5) 

 Midshaft minimum diameter (M-6) 

 Midshaft circumference (M-7a) 

 Deltoid tuberosity width'' 



(18.7) (midshaft location estimated) 

 (15.4) (midshaft location estimated) 

 [57] (midshaft location estimated) 

 (6.9) 



' distance between the apices of the delimiting crests of the tuberosity taken at 5/12's 

 of humeral maximum length, following Endo(1971). In this case, the location of 5/ 

 12's maximum length was estimated. 



Fig. 12 Right humerus. M.5406 1 . natural size. 12A, anterior; 12B, 

 lateral; 12C, posterior. 



portion extends froin just proximal of the proximal end of the lateral 

 crest of the deltoid tuberosity to the distal shaft somewhere proximal 

 of the olecranon fossa. The shaft is missing its medial surface for the 

 entire length of the fragment, most of its anterior surface (preserving 

 only the distal portion), and most of its anteromedial surface (pre- 

 serving only the proximal portion). 



The fragment is relatively small and gracile (Table 6), and the 

 preserved rnuscle scar {M. deltoideus) is neither large nor rugose. 

 Both crests of the deltoid tuberosity have faint muscle impressions. 



