22 



S.E. CHURCHILL 



Fig. 18 Right radius, M.5407 1 , detail of engravings. 3x natural size. 



Fig. 19 Left proximal radius, M. 54072, anterior view. Natural size. 



M.54074, M.54075 (GC 87 65, 100. 108 E, 1 18 A, 123 C & 152) 

 (Fig. 20) 

 Left 



Six fragments conjoin to form a portion of the diaphysis of a left 

 radius. The diaphysis preserves only a small portion of the volar 

 surface along the medial side from just inferior of the radial tuberos- 

 ity to distal of midshaft, as well as some volar surface in the distal 

 metaphyseal region. Virtually the entire medial surface, preserving 

 the interosseous crest, is present from just distal of the radial tuber- 

 osity to the distal metaphysis. Dorsally, only the medial side of the 

 proximal shaft is preserved, but the dorsal surface is largely complete 

 from the region of midshaft to the distal metaphysis. None of the 

 distal articular surfaces are preserved, but the medial-most dorsal 

 (Lister's) tubercle is preserved. The lateral surface of the shaft is 

 present only in the region of midshaft, where it preserves a portion of 

 the M. pronator teres insertion, which is well defined and rugose. 



In size and morphology this specimen matches M.5407 1 (above), 

 and probably represents its antimere. 



M.54076 (GC 1949-51 Level 13) (not figured) 

 Right 



This specimen preserves 1 10.3mm of a right radial diaphysis. The 

 fragment preserves a portion of the interosseus crest and the distal 

 end of the anterior ridge (the ridge that extends disially from the 

 radial tuberosity and gives rise to the radial head of M. flexor 

 dlgitorum superficialis). The proximal portion of the shaft preserves 

 some of the lateral and dorsal surfaces, while distally onh the medial 

 and dorsal surfaces are preserved. 



Morphology 



Little can be said about the comparative morphology of the Gough's 

 Cave radii, since muscle scars and articular surfaces are poorly 

 represented. The five Creswellian radial remains described above 

 may all derive from a single individual. This individual was probably 

 male (on the basis of size and the moderate rugosity of the M. 

 pronator teres scar in M.54074/M. 54075), adult (judging from the 

 state of fusion of the preserved portion of the distal epiphysis in 

 M.5407 1 ) and may be the same individual represented by the frag- 

 mentary ulna M. 54066. 



MANUAL REMAINS 



M.54077 (GC 87 22l(?)) (not figured) 



This specimen preserves the head of a metacarpal, probably from the 



fourth or fifth ray, side indeterminate. The distal epiphysis is fully 



fused. 



M.54078 (GC 87 221 D) (not figured) 

 Right 



This is a 56.0mm long fragment of the diaphysis of what is most 

 likely a right second metacarpal. The specimen preserves a small bit 

 of articular surface proximally that likely represents the third meta- 

 carpal articular facet, and an epiphyseal plate distally (with the head 

 unfused). The metacarpal heads usually unite with the shafts in the 



Table 11 Dimensions (mm) of manual phalanx fragment M. 54079. 



Midshaft height" 

 Midshaft breadth" 

 Midshaft circumference" 

 Distal height" 

 Distal maximum breadth' 

 Distal articular height'' 



7.0 



(11.8) 



(33) 



8.0 



11.7 



11.2 



' Maximum dorsovolar and radioulnar diameters and circumference at midshaft 



(midshaft location estimated). In the case of breadth and circumference, the 



proximodistal crack in the palmar surface of the bone has slightly inflated the 



measurements. 



'' Dorsovolar diameter of the head. 



' Maximum radioulnar diameter of the head. 



'' Maximum radioulnar diameter of the articular facet of the head. 



