COUGH'S CAVE 1 : HAND BONES 



27 



Table 1 Osteometries of the Cough's Cave 1 metacarpals. Measurements in millimeters or degrees except for cross-sectional areas (mm') and second 

 moments of area (mm""). 



Digit & side 

 Catalog number 



Maximum length 

 Articular length' 

 Midshaft height 

 Midshaft breadth 

 Midshaft circumference 

 Midshaft total area 

 Midshaft cortical area 

 Midshaft medullary area 

 Midshaft AP 2nd moment of area 

 Midshaft ML 2nd moment of area 

 Midshaft polar moment of area 

 Proximal maximum height 

 Proximal maximum breadth 

 Proximal articular height 

 Proximal articular breadth 

 Distal height 

 Distal maximum breadth 

 Distal articular breadth 

 Trapezium articular breadth- 

 Trapezium angle-" 

 Capitate articular breadth'* 

 Capitate angle' 

 Styloid projection'^ 

 Hamate subtense' 

 MC 2 articular breadth* 

 MC 3 articular breadth 

 MC 4 articular breadth 

 MC 5 articular breadth 



2 right 



1.1/15 



71.0 



67.5 



8.6 



9.1 



27.5 



61.4 



49.8 



11.7 



273.3 



307.0 



580.3 



17.3 



15.3 



15.9 



11.1 



13.6 



14.8 



13.3 



4.3 



40° 



2.7 



50° 



0.8 



6.3 



,■( right 



1.1/14 



68.3 



64.1 



8.3 



8.5 



26.5 



55.4 



43.7 



11.7 



228.3 



238.3 



466.6 



16.7 



13.7 



15.3 



11.8 



13.4 



13.6 



12.9 



4.2 

 6.2 



4 right 

 1.1/13 



58.9 



57.6 



7.2 



6.6 



22.5 



37.3 



28.8 



8.5 



115.4 



95.6 



211.0 



11.5 



11.4 



10.7 



10.6 



11.6 



12.1 



10.8 



7.2 



4 left 

 1.1/22 



59.3 

 57.9 



6.9 



6.7 

 23.0 

 36.3 

 29.1 



7.2 

 103.7 

 97.9 

 201.6 

 11.4 

 10.7 

 10.3 



9.4 

 11.3 

 12.1 

 11.2 



6.4 



5 right 

 1.1/12 



55.0 



54.3 



6.9 



8.3 



24.0 



45.0 



31.7 



13.3 



123.4 



174.7 



298.1 



11.1 



13.6 



9.0 



10.1 



11.5 



11.6 



11.0 



.V9 



' Direct distance between the middle of the primary carpal articular facet and the most distal point on the head; - Disto-radial to proximo-uinar diameter of the facet for the 

 trapezium on the metacarpal 2; ' Angle, in the coronal plane of the metacarpal, between the plane of the trapezium facet and the diaphyseal axis of the metacarpal; ' Maximum 

 proximo-radial to disto-ulnar breadth of the facet for the capitate on the metacarpal 2; ' Angle, in the coronal plane of the metacarpal, between the plane of the dorso-palmar 

 middle of the capitate facet and the diaphyseal axis of the metacarpal 2; ''Proximal projection of styloid process from the capitate surface (= Max.Len. - Art.Len.); 'Subtense 

 from the articular breadth of the proximal metacarpal 3 facet to the furthest point on the middle of the articular surface. A positive subtense indicates a radio-ulnarly concave 

 facet; " 'MC # articular breadth' indicates the predominantly proximo-distal diameter of the facet for the indicated adjacent metacarpal base. 



Table 2 Osteometries of the Cough's Cave I manual proximal phalanges. 

 Measurements in millimeters or degrees except for cross-sectional areas 

 (mm-) and second moments of area (mm^). 



Digit & side 



2 left 



5 left 



Catalogue number 



1.1/17 



1.1/16 



Maximum length 



41.3 



34.1 



Articular length' 



38.3 



31.5 



Midshaft height 



6.2 



5.8 



Midshaft breadth 



10.2 



9.6 



Midshaft circumference 



27.0 



26.0 



Midshaft total area 



49.6 



43.7 



Midshaft cortical area 



43.1 



37.1 



Midshaft medullary area 



6.6 



6.6 



Midshaft AP 2"'' moment of area 



118.3 



90.5 



Midshaft ML 2"'' moment of area 



310.4 



243.0 



Midshaft polar moment of area 



428.7 



333.5 



Proximal maximum height 



11.5 



10.7 



Proximal maximum breadth 



16.0 



14.3 



Proximal articular height 



9.5 



8.5 



Proximal articular breadth 



11.8 



10.9 



Distal height 



8.2 



7.1 



Distal maximum breadth 



11.5 



10.2 



Distal articular breadth 



10.7 



9.6 



Horizontal angle- 



-4° 



13° 



Vertical angle' 



1° 



7° 



' Miminum distance from the deepest point in the proximal base to the middle of the 

 distal trochlea; ' Angle, in the coronal plane of the bone, between the tangents to the 

 proximal and distal articulations. A positive angle indicates a relative ulnar deviation 

 of the distal articulation; ' Angle, in the parasagittal plane of the bone, between the 

 tangent to the proximal articulation and the diaphyseal axis. A positive angle 

 indicates a dorsal deviation of the proximal articular plane. 



its small ulnar tubercle with a hamate surface with a distinct radio- 

 ulnar concavity. 



The heads of the metacarpals are of note only for their degrees of 

 radial or ulnar deviation. Only the metacar]5al 4 head is in line with 

 its diaphysis. The metacarpal 5 head is strongly ulnarly directed, 

 whereas the metacarpal 3 and especially metacarpal 2 heads are 

 radially shifted. 



PROXIMAL MANUAL PHALANGEAL 

 MORPHOLOGY 



The two preserved proximal manual phalanges, like the meta- 

 carpals, have weak to moderate muscle markings. There are clear 

 ridges for the flexor tendon sheaths, but they project little from the 

 palmar margins of the diaphyses. There are clear, oblique facets 

 for the first dorsal interosseus muscle on the radial base of the 

 proximal phalanx 2 and for M. abductor cligiti minimi on the ulnar 

 base of the proximal phalanx 5, but neither one is exceptional in its 

 development. 



Both bases are slightly dorsally oriented. At the same time, the 

 head of the proximal phalanx 2 is moderately deviated radially and 

 the head of the proximal phalanx 5 is strongly ulnarly deviated. Both 

 of these angles combine with the respective radial and ulnar devia- 

 tions of the associated metacarpals (even if those are evident only on 

 the contralateral digits), to accentuate an apparent spread of the 

 fingers, at least under conditions of habitual loading. 



