■vi BRITISH FOSSIL ECHINODERMATA. 



ledge of the Echinitic Eauna of Erance. These contributions are in the form of 

 notes, or lists of species, with observations made to clear up critical questions, with 

 sometimes more complete studies on which the species are found entirely described and 

 figured. M. Cotteau has thus made known successively the Nummulitic Echinides of 

 Biarritz (6) ; the Cretaceous Urchins of Martigues (7) ; the Echinides of the Pyrenees 

 (8) ; those of the Aube (9) ; and those of the Oxfordian of the Ardeche (10) ; new species 

 from the Environs of Bordeaux (11); the Echinides of the Cretaceous Colony of the 

 " Garonnien" of the Department of Aude (12), among which was found the first Cretaceous 

 Schizaster known; those of the Miocene deposits of Corsica (13) ; those of the Jurassic 

 strata of Normandy (14) ; and lastly, a supplementary note (15) completes the character- 

 istics of the curious new genus Teiracidaris, from the Neocoraian of Central Erance, 

 which possesses two series of pairs of pores in each poriferous zone, and four 

 series of inter-amubulacral plates. In addition to these beautiful monographic studies 

 of M. Cotteau, there are other works upon the Echinides of Erance, which still remain 

 to be enumerated. Thus, Saemann and Dollfuss, in 1861, characterised with care 

 some species from Trouville (16). Dumortier, in his remarkable work upon the ' Depots 

 Jurassiques du Bassin du Rhone,' has described many Echinides from the Lias (17). 

 M. Tournouer (18), has given a revision of the Echinides of the Calcaire a Asteries 

 (Tongriaii) of the South-west of Erance, with figures of new species and critical remarks 

 on the same. Caffin (19) has occupied himself with the Echinides of the Environs of 

 Evreux. M. Bucaille (20) has given a Catalogue Raissonne of those of the Seine Inf^- 

 rieure, with descriptions of new species. Professor Hebert (21) has endeavoured accu- 

 rately to diagnose the characters of certain Hemiasters, and he has (22) described two 

 new Hemipneustes from the Chalk of the Pyrenees. M. Sauvage (23) has made known 

 new species from the Upper Jurassic of the Boulonnais. M. Arnaud (24) has endea- 

 voured to facilitate the determination of the numerous Cretaceous species of the genus 

 Cyphosoma, to which he has added some new forms. Desmoulins (25), to whom 

 Echinology was already indebted for numerous works, has made some interesting obser- 

 vations upon six species of EcldnoJampas, upon the spines of Echinocidaris, and upon a 

 Miocene Spatangus from Saucats. Finally, I have published (26) a description of some 

 Echinides from Berrias and Aizy (27), and have been occupied with those from the 

 Portlandian of the Yonne (28), also with those from the Upper Jurassic of the Bou- 

 lonnais (29), and of the Haute Marne (30). A general work, by Dujardin and Hupe, 

 upon the Echinoderms (31) has likewise to be mentioned. 



In Switzerland the Echinologic studies, to which Agassiz and Desor had already 

 given such vigorous impulsion, have been continued. Etallon (32), who had already 

 studied the Echinides from different formations bordering on the frontiers of France (33 

 and 34) and of Switzerland, aided in the enlargement of a posthumous work of 

 Thurmann's, ' Le Lethaea Bruntrutana ' (35), in which numerous species of Echinides are 

 found described and figured. M. Ooster (36) a few years afterwards published his 



