PROTOSPHYR^ENA. 147 



U.S.A.; 1 but the notochordal trunk still remains to be discovered. 2 All the 

 remains hitherto obtained from the English Chalk are fragmentary, and some 

 can only be interpreted by reference to the American fossils. The species are 

 distinguished by the form of the rostrum. 



1. Protosphyraena ferox, Leidy. Plates XXXI, XXXII ; Text- figure 45. 



1822. " Undetermined," G. A. Mantell, Foss. South Downs, p. 228, pi. xxxiii, figs. 7—9. 

 1835-1844. Saurocephalus lanciformis, L. Agassiz (errore), Poiss. Foss., Feuill., p. 55, vol. v, pt. i, 



p. 102, pi. xxv c, figs. 21—29. 

 1844. Saurocephalus lanceolatns, L. Agassiz, ibid., vol. v, pt. i, p. 8 (misprint). 

 1850. Saurocephalus lanciformis, F. Dixon, Geol. Sussex, p. 374, pi. xxx, fig. 21, pi. xxxi, fig. 12, 



pi. xxxii,* fig. 1, pi. xxxiv, fig. 11. 

 1857. Protosphyrmna ferox, J. Leidy, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vol. xi, p. 95. 

 1857. Xiphias dixoni, J. Leidy, ibid., p. 95. [Rostrum; British Museum.] 

 ? 1860. Saurocephalus lanciformis, V. Kiprijanoff, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vol. xxxiii, pt. i, p. 



666, pi. x, fig. 4 



1877. Erisichtlie dixoni, E. D. Cope, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Territ., vol. iii, p. 823. 



1878. ErisicUhe dixoni, W. Davies, Geol. Mag. [2], vol. v, p. 260, pi. viii, fig. 3. 

 1878. Protospliyroena ferox, E. T. Newton, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxxiv, p. 789. 

 1888. Protosphyrama ferox, A. S. Woodward, Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. x, p. 321. 



1895. Proiosphyrnmafercx, A. S. Woodward, Geol. Mag. [4], vol. ii, p. 211, woodc. fig. 3 ; and 

 Catal. Foss. Fishes B. M., pt. iii, p. 400, text-fig. 41, no. 3. 



Type. — Teeth; British Museum. 



Specif c Characters. — Rostrum much elongated and attaining a length of about 

 30 cm., with a transverse diameter of 5 cm. at its base, where the vomerine teeth 

 are implanted ; circular in transverse section throughout its whole length, except 

 within a short distance of the vomerine teeth, where it becomes slightly flattened 

 on the upper part of its sides and the top and passes into the gradually widening 

 flattened cranial roof; its external surface ornamented with reticulating rugae, of 

 which the most prominent are longitudinally directed. Cranial roof more finely 

 rugose and tuberculated. Teeth sometimes smooth, but usually with slight 



1 See especially J. Felix, " Beitriige zur Kenntniss der Gattung Protosphyrmia, Leidy," Zeitschr. 

 deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. xlii (1890), pp. 278—302, pis. xii — xiv; F. B. Loomis, " DieAuatomie und 

 die Verwandtschaft der Ganoid- und Knorhen-Fische aus ^der Kreide-Formation von Kansas," 

 Palaoontogr., vol. xlvi (1900), pp. 215 — 228, pis. xix, xx ; A. Stewart, " Teleosts of the Upper 

 Cretaceous," Univ. Geol. Surv. Kansas, vol. vi, Palaaont., pt. ii (1900), pp. 362 — 371, pis. lxii, lxiii ; 

 O. P. Hay, " On certain Genera and Species of North American Cretaceous Actinopterous Fishes," 

 Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. xix (1903), pp. 2—26, pi. i. 



3 A portion of caudal region of a small fish from the Cretaceous of Mount Lebanon may perhaps 

 belong to this genus (A. S. Woodward, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [6], vol. xiii, 1894, p. 512). A 

 fragment of a notochordal tail from the Chalk of Burham, Kent, in the Sedgwick Museum, may also 

 be referable to Protosphyrsena. 



