514 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



Genus CASSIDARIA, Lamarck, 1812 {continued from Vol. I, p. 59). 

 Cassidaria bicatenata (J. Sowerby). Plate XLV, fig. 14. 



1824. Cassis bicatenahis, J. Sowerby, Miu. Coucli., vol. ii, p. 117, pi. cli. 



1837. Cassidaria hicatenata, Chaiiesworth, Mag. Nat. Hist. [n. s.], vol. i, p. 38. 



1842—48. Cassidaria hicatenata, S. V. Wood, Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist. [1], vol. ix, p. 538, 1842; Mon. 



Crag Moll, pt. i, p. 27, pi. iv, fig. 5, 1848. 

 1844 — 81. Cassidaria bicatenata, Nyst, Coq. foss. Terr. tert. Belg., p. 565, pi. xliv, fig. 6, 1844 ; Conch. 



Terr. tert. Belg., p. 34, pi. ii, figs. 14(7, 14/, 1881. 



1871. Cassidaria bicatenata, A. Bell, Geol. Mag., vol. viii, p. 454; Aim. Mag. Nat. Hist. [4J, vol. viii, 

 p. 356. 



1872. Cassidaria hicatenata, A. and R. Bell, Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. ii, pp. 203, 209, 213. 



1872. Cassidaria bicatenata, Jeffreys in Prestwich, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxvii, pp. 142, 487. 

 1874 — 92. Cassidaria bicatenata. Van den Broeck, Ann. Soc. uialac. Belg., vol. ix, pp. 134, 187, 260, 



1874; vol. xiv, p. 70, 1881 ; vol. xix, p. 17, 1884; vol. xx, p. 26, 1885; Bull. Soc. Beige Geol., 



vol. vi (Memoires), pp. 121, 132, 147, 1892. 

 1890. Cassidaria bicatenata, C. Reid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., p. 240, pi. ii, fig. 7. 

 1896. Cassidaria hicatenata, Bernays, Bull. Soc. Beige Geol., vol. x, p. 131. 

 1896 — 1902. Cassidaria bicatenata, F. W. Harmer, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. lii, p. 779, 1896 ; 



vol. Ivi, p. 722, 1900 ; Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xvii, p. 419. 

 1912. Cassidaria bicatenata, Tesch, Med. v. d. Rijks. v. Delfstoft'en, No. iv, p. 76, no. 185. 



Specific Character's. — Shell large, solid, ovato-ventricose; whorls 6 or 7, the 

 last inflated, much the largest, seven-eighths the total length ; angulated and 

 ornamented by transverse ridges, strong and clearly mai'ked in the type, extending 

 to the base, and having towards the upper portion 2 or 3 tubercular rows of a 

 cancellate character; occasionally the shell is traversed with a thick and prominent 

 varix, the labial rib of an earlier period of growth; at other times, but infrequently, 

 the external sculpture becomes of a more or less obsolete character ; mouth large, 

 showing inside and faintly the exterior sculpture, bounded by a strong and 

 thickened labial rib; outer lip denticulated within; canal short, wide and open, 

 turning to the left; columella internally ridged. 

 Dimensions. — L. 90 mm. B. 60 mm. 

 Distribution . — Not known living. 



Fossil : Coralline Crag : Gedgrave, Ramsholt. Waltonian : 

 Walton-on-Naze, Beaumont, Little Oakley. Newbournian : Bentley, Waldringfield, 

 Newbourn, Sutton, Felixstowe. Butleyan : Bawdsey, Hollesley. 

 Bolderien, Diestien, Casterlien, Scaldisien, Poederlien : Belgium. 

 Scaldisien, Poederlien : Holland. 



Remarks. — This fine and very distinct shell is especially interesting, as it is 

 unrecorded, so far as I know, either as recent or fossil, from any locality outside 

 the Anglo-Belgian area ; although not abundant, it is found in most of our Crag 

 exposures. From Oakley, for example, I have about 40 examples in my own 

 possession, though they are all fragmentary. Perfect specimens have been 



