578 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



1853. Cliemnitzia scalaris, Forbes aud Haulev, Brit. Moll., vol. iii, p. 251, pi. xciv, fig. 5. 



1859. Chemnitzia scalaris, G. B. Sowerby, 111. Ind. Brit. Shells, pi. xvi, fig. 9. 



1868. TurhoniUa scalaris, Weiukauff, Cat. europ. Meeresconcli., uo. 442, p. 25. 



1878 — 76. TurboniUa sa(/am, Segueuza, Boll. R. Com. Geol. Ital., vol. iv, p. 354, no. 307, 1873 ; 



{Pyrgidina), vol. yu, p. 92, do. 548, 1876. 

 1878. TurhoniUa scalaris, G. 0. Sars, Moll. Eeg. arct. Norv., p. 360. 

 1878. Odostomia (Pyrgostelis) sccdaris, Monterosato, Euum. e. Sinon. Conch. Medit. (Griorn. Soc. Sci. 



Nat. Palermo, vol. xiii), p. 93. 

 1883. Odostomia scalaris, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg et DoUt'us, Moll. mar. Rouss., vol. i, p. 175, pi. xxi, 



figs. 4, 5. 

 1892. Partheiiina scalaris, Locard, Coq. mar. Cotes de France, p. 143. 

 1892—93. Chemnitzia scalaris, A. Bell, Rep. Yorks. Phil. Soc, p. 63, 1892 ; Odostomia scalaris, Roy. 



Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. xii, p. 25, 1893. 

 1901. Pyrgostelis scalaris. Conch. Soc. List, Jonrn. of Conch., vol. x, p. 20, no. 453. 

 1905. Parthenina (Pyrgostelis) scalaris, Kobelt, Icon, schalentrag. europ. Meeresconch., vol. iii, p. 129, 



pi. Ixxiii, figs. 6, 8, 20—21. 

 1913. Pyrgidina scalaris, Dautzenberg et Durouchoux, Feuille Jeunes Natur., vol. xliv, p. 38, pi. iii, 



fig. 15. 



Specific Characters. — Shell small, lanceolate, subscalariforra, slender ; whorls 

 compressed, more or less distinctly angulate above ; upper ones without sculpture, 

 the others oi-namented hy laminar longitudinal ribs, varying in number, generally 

 straight, extending to the suture but not to the base, with fine and closely-set lines 

 in the interspaces ; suture deep, rather oblique ; spire gradually tapering towards 

 a bhmt apex ; mouth oval, contracted above, rounded below ; outer lip angulated 

 by the keel, incurved below the periphery ; inner lip slightly reflected towards the 

 base; umbilicus none. 



Dimensions. — L. 5 mm. B. 1*5 mm. 



Distrihiitioii. — Becenf : British coasts, principally west and south; Norway; 

 from Cherbourg to Vigo Bay and Gibraltar, Mediterranean, Adriatic. 

 Fossil : Selsey, Largo Bay. 



Pliocene : Altavilla. 



Pleistocene : Messina, Livorno. 



Remarl's. — This species, unknown from St. Erth, has l^een reported by Mr. A. 

 Beil from Selsey and Largo. It seems a distinct though somewhat variable form, 

 some of the figures given by the authors quoted above, as, for example, that of 

 Forbes and Hanley, being more distinctly angulate and scalariform than others. 

 It has been referred by the Conchological Society, the Marchese di Monterosato, 

 Herr Kobelt and some others to Pyrgostelis. 



Pyrgulina spiralis (Montagu). Plate XLIX, figs. 44-47. 



1803. Tiirho sjjiralis, Montagu, Test. Brit., pt. ii, p. 323, pi. xii, fig. 9. 

 1846. TurhoniUa spiralis, Loven, K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., vol. iii, p. 91. 



1848. Odostomia spiralis. Jeffreys, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [2], vol. ii, p. 3i2, 1848 ; Brit. Conch., vol. iv, 

 p. 154, 1867; vol. V, p. 213, pi. Ixxv, fig. 3, 1869; Proc. Zool. S<>c. London, p. 352, 1884. 



