648 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



Dimensions. — L. 16 — 20 mm. B. 14 — 18 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent : British seas. 



Fossil : Icenian Crag — Bramerton and elsewhere. 



Remarks. — This form, given by Wood as typical of the var. vulgaris of the 

 present species, agrees also with Sowerby's specimen {op. cit.). Morch records a 

 single example from the Iceland Crag, smooth and banded, which he says "exactly 

 corresponds " with that figured by Wood. 



Var. parva, nov. Plate LII, fig. 12. 



Varietal Characters. — Much smaller than the type, with a somewhat deeper 

 suture, often of a dark ferruginous colour. 



Dimensions. — L. 10 — 15 mm. B. 8 — 12 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent : British seas. 



Fossil : Icenian Crag : Bramerton and elsewhere. 



Remarks.— The&e shells, which have sometimes been mistaken for L. ruiUs,seem 

 to be a dwarfed form of L. littorea. Jeffreys describes several recent varieties, one 

 of which (paupercula) he says is somewhat dwarfed, with the whorls more convex, 

 of a dusky hue, and another {breuicula) as smaller and ventricose, with a short 

 spire, which are probably similar. He remarks they are found on mud flats, in 

 estuaries and tidal inlets. Our fossil is very common at Bramerton — much moi-e 

 so, in fact, than is the type form. The specimen here figured is dark and 

 ferruginous in colour. 



Var. antiqua, S. V. Wood. Plate LII, fig. 13. 



1848. Littorina littorea, var. antiqua, Mon. Crag Moll., pt. i, pi. x, fig. 14 a. 

 1916. Littorina littorea, var. antiqua, Marshall, Jouru. of Couch., vol. xv, p. 44. 



Varietal Cltciracters. — Shell turreted, irregularly conical ; whorls 5 or 6, flattened, 

 S(juarely angulate above, obtusely angulate below, the last three-fourths the total 

 length, compressed in the middle; ornamented by delicate spiral lines which extend 

 to the base ; suture well-marked, slightly channelled ; spire elongate, gradually 

 tapering upwards, mouth obliquely ovate; outer lip projecting, straight, angulate 

 above, rounded below. 



Dimensions. — L. 20 mm. B. 12 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent : Ythan estuary, Aberdeen (Marshall). 

 Fossil : Icenian Crag : Bramerton. 



Remarks. — The specimen from Bramerton here figured is from the collection at 

 the Norwich Museum, agreeing with that given by Wood. It is an interesting 

 form, allied t.o S. Woodward's Turbo sulcatus. Wood seems to have regarded it as 

 a variety distinct from the latter and deserving a separate name. It belongs. 



