10 PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 



teeth of much tlie same form, progressively increasing in size to a slight extent when 

 followed backwards. 



O has a low crown with a simple transversely extended trenchant edge; the root is 

 three times as long as the crown, and is laterally compressed. 



LIj differs from iH in being slightly larger and in bearing a small cusp on its 

 outer side. 



I. S is again a good deal larger, and has a more conical, less transversely extended 

 crown. It has a small but well-marked cusp on its outer side, and sometimes a slight 

 indication of a cusp on its inner side, these features being in each case due to tlie 

 enlargement of the cingulum. The root is much wider anteriorly than posteriorly, so 

 as to be nearly triangular in section. 



C. is much like that of the upper jaw, and has the inner side of the crown marked 

 by two slight ascending ridges. The root is slightly more outwardly twisted than is the 

 case with the upper canine, and it frequently, at any rate, tapers rather more rapidly to 

 the point of implantation than is the case with that of the upper canine. 



Pm. 1 is absent. 



Pm. 2 is much like ])m. 2. The crown forms a broad but low cone springing 

 from a very marked cingulum. A groove separates off a posterior cusp from the main 

 part of the cone, while sometimes a second but less distinct groove marks off an 

 anterior cusp. Of the two roots the posterior is the larger, and the anterior has its tip 

 bent backwards, 



Pm. 8 is a powerful conical tooth much resembling pm. 3. It has a very stout 

 cone surrounded by a cingulum, least developed on tlie outer face, and thickened 

 posteriorly into a fairly well-marked cusp. From this cusp, and from a slighter thicken- 

 ing on tlie anterior face, faint lidges ascend to the top of the cone. The two roots arc 

 stout, subcylindrical and subeqnal, the anterior being slightly the longer. 



Pui 4 is intermediate in character between pm. 2 and pm. 3 just described. 

 The crown is traversed by a strong ridge dividing it into subequal right and left halves. 

 At the anterior end is a small cusp; then follows a [)rominent cone, and lastly a large 

 and somew'hat irregular cusp. 



M. 1, the carnassial tooth of the low'er jaw, has a very large trenchant blade divided 

 by a deep groove into two i)arts, the relative i)ro])ortion between which is variable, but 

 the anterior is somewhat the larger. Tlie cingulum is well marked, especially on tlie 

 antero-outer side and posteriorly, where it merges into the much reduced tubercular 

 j)ortion of the tooth to form a small talon or cusp. This cusp is subject to a large 

 amount of variation in different specimens, and upon these variations several supposed 

 species have been based by French [)aliJBontologists. The principal variations, which are 

 fully described by Dawkins,* are as follow : 



1. A ridge passes obliquely across the tulierclc towards the posterior part of the 

 1 ' Nat. Hist. Kt;v.,' ii. s., v, i). 92. 



