HISTORY OF RESEARCH. ix 



witli A\^alileiiberg that the toothed appearance of one of the margins is not 



original, but a result of the mode of preservation. He describes and figures 



two species of Graptolites, G. scalarh, Linn., and G. tenuis, Wahl., and redescribes 



(without figuring) the G. serratvs of Schlotheim. Quenstedt's drawings are figures 



of fragmentary forms, and represent two unidentifiable forms of Monograptus. 



During the same year Eichwald (" Ueber das silurische 



„. , ■ Schichtensystem in Estland ") described a new species of 



" Ueber das silurisclie Grraptolite from the Silurian formation under the name of 



Schiehteusystem in Lomatocevas distichum. This he considers to be quite 



Estlaud," 'Zeitschr. distinct from any previously noted species of this genus, on 



f. Natur. u. Heilk. d. account of its being denticulated on both sides. He dismisses 



_ ' ", „„ ' the matter of the affinities of the group in a single sentence : 

 Petersburg, Hf te. 1 rp,, ^ /^ • 



^2 " '-^'^^ Lomatocerases or Graptolites are absolutely pro- 



Ijlematical bodies, which can scarcely belong to the Cepha- 

 lopoda ; one might rather class them in a family among the Zoophytes." 



1342. Two years later (1842) appeared Greinitz's first paper 



Geinitz, on the Graptolites, entitled " Ueber Graptoliten." In this 



" Ueber GraiDtoliten," paper he gives a diagnosis of the genus Graptolithus, and 

 'Neues Jahrbuch.' includes under it forms both with two rows and one row of 

 cells. He considers that all Graptolites actually consisted of two rows of cells spread 

 out in one plane ; the single-rowed appearance of some being due to the fact that 

 the two halves have got applied the one on the other. He does not think, however, 

 that the " animal could fold itself up (' clap itself together ') at will, owing to its 

 firm though thin shell." He describes and figures five species of Graptolites, viz. 

 GraptoUthus foliaceus (which may be a Betioliten), Gr. priodon, Gr. serratus, Gr. 

 scalaris (which is a Monograjytus of the type of M. Hisingeri), and a new form, Gr. 

 spiralis. Some of those which he grouped under a single name, especially his Gr. 

 spiralis, included more than one species as at present understood. The general 

 structure of the fossils, however, is well represented in his figures. Geinitz notices 

 in this paper the fact that the cells become larger and more closely set as the poly- 

 pary grows older. 



Geinitz also discusses the affinities of the Graptolites. Ho suggests that they 

 bear great resemblance to the Chaetopods, but he does not definitely class them with 

 that group, and agrees Avitli Walch, Wahlenberg, and earlier observers in placing 

 them with the Cephalopods. 



jg^.^ In the same year d'Orbigny (in his ' Voyage dans 



D'Orhinny, I'Amerique meridionale ') figured fragments of a single branch 



' Voyage dans only of a new species from Bolivia, which he named Gr. 



I'Amerique mcridio- dcntatiis. According to him it is a two-branched form 



nale,' t. m, pt. iv, identical with Gr. foliaceus and Gr. Murchisoni. It is difficult 



"^ ' to understand, therefore, why he suggested a new specific name, 



b 



