SPH^EROPHTHALMUS MAJOR. 77 



able. Belt 1 in 18(38 observed that some fragments of Sph. alatas (Boeek) in the 

 British Museum resemble Sph. humilis (Phillips), and at a later date Linnarsson, 

 who had examined Boeck's original specimens, stated that there could be no doubt 

 that the two are identical. Since then the name alatus has been almost 

 universally used. 



Unfortunately Angelin's figure of Sph. alatas is quite unlike Boeck's species, 

 and this has led to a considerable amount of confusion. Salter, taking Angelin's 

 figure as his guide, not unnaturally identified it with " Oleiius bisulcatus." Phillips, 

 now referred to Gtenopi/ge. Consequently in the Survey Memoir on North Wales 

 and in other publications of about that period, Sph. alatas usually means Ctenopyge 

 b [sulcata or some similar form. 



Although both the figure and description given by Angelin are so unlike Sph. 

 alatas, Linnarsson, judging from the localities mentioned, believes that he really 

 had this species before him, but probably made use of fragments of some other 

 species also. However this may be, there can be no doubt that another of 

 Angelin's species, Olenus sphxiwpijgas, is founded on the tail of Sph. alatas. 

 According to Linnarsson Anopooare pusilkim, Aug., is based on the head of Sph. 

 alatas and the tail of Peltava scarabseoides ; but if so, the figures in this case also 

 must be very unlike the specimens. 



Horizon and Localities. — Upper Lingula Flags: Malvern; Moel Gron ; PJiiwfelyn ; 

 Carreg-wen, Borth. 



2. Sphserophthalmus major, sp. nov. Plate VIII, figs. 7 — 13. 



Head quadrate, wide, with rounded cheeks, from the middle of which the small 

 cheek-spines spring abruptly. Glabella quadrate, slightly narrowing forwards, 

 somewhat rounded in front; anterior glabellar furrows obsolete, posterior pair con- 

 tinuous across the glabella ; neck-furrow well defined, probably with a median 

 tubercle or spine. Eyes placed far back, distant from the glabella rather less 

 than the width of the latter; no ocular ridge visible. Facial suture curving back- 

 wards and outwards from the anterior margin to the eye, and from the eve back- 

 wards and somewhat outwards to the posterior margin. Fixed cheeks at the eye 

 almost as wide as the glabella, slightly expanded behind the eye. Free cheeks 

 rather narrow, the outer margin forming a segment of a circle ; from the middle of 

 this margin a slender cheek-spine springs abruptly. 



Thorax consisting of nine segments. Axis convex, wide, rather wider than the 

 pleurae, with a median tubercle on each segment. Pleurae short, bent downwards 

 about halfway out from the axial furrow, terminating in points which from about 

 the third segment are produced into backwardly directed spines; pleural grooves 

 oblique and rather broad. 



1 Geol. Mag., vol. v (1868), p. 10. 



