FELIS SPELAA. 161 
by M. Lartet.' It has also been discovered in the caves of Bruniquel and Les Eyzies and 
in the Rock-shelter of the Madelaine under circumstances which prove that it inhabited 
France while the stone-using primeval hunters lived in the country, and engraved 
the objects of their chase on fragments of Reindeer antler, and tusks of Mammoth. 
In the extreme south it is quoted by Baron Cuvier from the bone-breccia of Nice. 
It occurs also in the river-deposits of Tour de Boulade (Puy de Dome), of Abbeville 
(Somme), of Paris (Seine), of Soute by Pons (Charénte Inférieure), and other localities. 
Throughout Belgium and Germany it occurs more or less abundantly, and espe- 
cially in the caves, such as those of Liége, Goffontaine, Gailenreuth, Schartzfeldt, 
Altenstein, and Sundwig. The first case on record of its discovery is that by Dr. John 
Hain in the Carpathians in 1672, which is also very valuable because it is the most 
southern point in central Europe in which its remains have been found. 
Up to the present time the animal has not been found in Spain, most probably because 
so few bone-caves have been explored in that country. In Italy it is proved by the dis- 
coveries of M. Ceselli? to have been living in the neighbourhood of Rome, while the 
volcanos of that district were active. In Sicily, the labours of Dr. Falconer*® in the 
Grotto of Maccagnone have resulted in the proof that it mhabited the island along 
with Man, the Hyzena, Hippopotamus, and Hephas antiquus. 
Thus there is proof that the animal ranged throughout France and Germany, as far 
south as the basin of the Upper Danube, and throughout Italy as far as the extreme 
point of Sicily. It has not, up to the present time, been discovered in Scandinavia, 
Denmark, or Prussia. 
There is no reason to believe that any of the deposits in which it occurs through- 
out this great area are of other than Post-glacial or Quaternary date. Nevertheless, 
it would be rash in the present state of our knowledge of the Pliocene Felide of 
those countries to affirm that the Cave Lion was not an inhabitant of Europe during the 
Pliocene epoch. 
§ 5. Identity with Felis atrox (Leidy), of North America—In 1852,* Dr. Leidy 
figured and described a left mandible from the neighbourhood of Natchez, in Mississippi, 
without angle or coronoid process, and enveloped in a coating of peroxide of iron which 
could not be removed. Sufficient of it, however, was shown to enable Dr. Leidy 
to recognise its leonine affinities, and to convince him that it belonged to an animal 
specifically distinct from Felis leo, F. tigris, or F. leo, var. a spelea. The two points 
that seemed to us in our examination of the figure to separate it from that of the Cave 
1 «Ann. des Sc. Nat.,’ 1861, p. 177. 
2 * Correspondance de Rome du 4 Mai,’ 1867. 
3 Falconer, ‘ Paleontological Memoirs,’ vol. ii, p. 550, 1868. 
4 «Description of an Extinct Species of American Lion,” ‘ Trans. American Philos. Soc.,’ Philadelphia, 
n. s., vol. x, pp. 319—321, pl. 34. 
