174 PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 
§ 3. Determination. These remains were submitted to Prof. Owen shortly after their 
discovery, and were pronounced by that high authority to belong to Felis cervaria, the 
Lynx of Northern Asia. A careful comparison, however, with the Lynx in the British and 
Oxford Museums, and that of the Royal College of Surgeons, proves that they may be referred 
with equal justice to the Lynx of Norway and Sweden, Fe/is dorealis (Temminck). It is 
foreign to the plan of this work to analyse all the variations presented by the European 
and North-Asiatic Lynxes; but we cannot detect any osteological difference of specific 
value between the Norwegian Lynx and the North-Asiatic Melis cervaria. The variations 
also in size presented by the various European Lynxes seem to be of no more importance 
in classification than those of the African Panther (Zeopardus varius). 
Among the smaller Felines there are only the Lynxes which are capable of being com- 
pared with our fossil on account of their peculiarly formed teeth. It is differentiated 
from the Canadian Lynx by the presence of a small cusp ¢ (Pl. XXIII, figs. 3, 4, 5) on the 
lower true molar, which is invariably absent from the corresponding tooth of the latter 
animal. It is allied most closely with the Norwegian Lynx and the Melis cervaria. We 
will compare the remains seriatim. 
The basi-occipital in the fossil is remarkable for its intertympanic squareness, fig. 2, 
as in the Norwegian Lynx. In Felis cervaria the planes bounding it on either side next 
the tympanics are inclined at a much greater angle to each other. The occipital foramen, 
fig. 1, is slightly more roof-shaped above than in either of these two Lynxes. ‘The sur- 
occipital encroaches somewhat further upon the superior surface of the head than in Fehs 
cervaria, as 1s shown by the measurements; there are no other differences observable 
between the fossil skull and those of these two animals. ‘I'he relatively small mastoid 
differentiates the fossil from the Panther of Africa, the large size of the paramastoids from 
the Caracal, in which animal they are reduced to a small lamina embracing the tympanic 
bulla. The same point also differentiates it from Lcopardus pardina, and from the Peshoo 
or Canadian Lynx. 
The lower jaw (figs. 3, 4, 5, 6) differs in no respect from that of Melis doreahs and 
F. cervaria, excepting in the strength of the muscular impressions. ‘The alveolar border 
is nearly parallel to the inferior, without any tapering ; the anterior portion is very much 
thickened ; the ramal process a (fig. 3) is developed, and causes the convexity of the 
lower contour. The exterior of the crown of the canine bears two sillons (figs. 3 and 7), 
of which the inner is the smaller. In Felis cervaria the latter is very faint ; but it is very 
strongly marked in Felis dorealis. The inner side of the crown also is traversed by one 
sillon, that bounds the flattened slightly convex internal area. 
The crown of premolar 3 consists of three cusps, of which the anterior, or the smaller, 
4 (figs. 8, 4, 5), is not mapped off from the primary, a, by a cleft, but springs from a 
cingulum that is well defined on the imner side ; a is very large and triangular, and separated 
from the secondary, c, by a deep cleft; ¢ is defined from the cingulum. In F. boreahs 
the cusp, 8, is more clearly defined. 
Premolar 4 repeats all the characters of the preceding tooth, but the secondary cusps, 
