EDMONDIA JOSEPHA. 295 



Specific Characters. — Shell of medium size, suboval, inequilateral, somewhat 

 oblique, moderately gibbose. The contour — anterior, inferior, and posterior borders 

 — of the shell forms an unbroken curve, which becomes less convex along the lower 

 margin. The cardinal border is only slightly arched, and is relatively short. The 

 umbones are inclined obliquely forwards, pointed, with the beaks twisted forwards 

 and contiguous, raised above the hinge-line, excavated anteriorly, and situated in 

 the anterior third of the hinge-line. The anterior end is much narrower from 

 above downwards than the posterior, and is compressed. The rest of the valve is 

 regularly and gradually curved with a moderate convexity, from which the 

 umbones arise very gradually. The ligament is internal, small, and lodged in a 

 narrow groove of small extent close to the edge of the hinge. 



Interior. — The anterior adductor muscle-scar very large, shallow, and smooth, 

 occupies a large portion of the anterior part of the valve. The posterior adductor 

 scar is inconspicuous. The hinge is edentulous. Pallial lines entire, deep, and 

 near the margin. The internal surface is smooth, with here and there indications 

 of concentric sulci, crossed by very obscure, almost obsolete, but regular radiating 

 lines. 



Exterior. — The surface is ornamented with very fine concentric lines, some of 

 which are elevated at equal intervals, and very distinct near the anterior margin, 

 but become less marked towards the middle of the valve. Here and there are 

 irregular, broad, very shallow, concentric sulci, but there is much individual 

 variation. Shell thin. 



Dimensions. — PL XXXIII, fig. 12, measures — 



Antero-posteriorly . . . .31 mm. 



Dorso-ventrally . . . .23 mm. 



Laterally . . . . .18 mm. 



Localities. — Scotland : the Upper Limestone series of Garngad Road, Glasgow ; 

 the Lower Limestone series of Langside and Dockra, Beith, Ayrshire ; Lugton 

 Water; the Calciferous Sandstone series of Fife, Bed No. 1 Limestone, east of 

 St. Monans. Ireland : the Carboniferous Limestone of Firog, co. Limerick, and 

 Carnteel, co. Tyrone. 



Observations. — Edmondia Josepha was one of the two species originally referred 

 to the genus by its author, de Koninck. The description was extremely meagre, 

 but the external characters are described as " surface unie, recouverte d'un grand 

 nombre de petites stries d'acroissement." Later on (op. supra cit.) de Koninck 

 described several species which appear to me to differ in no characters of specific 

 value from E. Josepha, which was re-described and figured in the same work. I 

 have seen on several occasions the fine series of these shells in the Royal Natural 

 History Museum of Brussels, and possess some well-preserved specimens in my 

 own collection, and am of opinion that the five species, E. Josepha, E. Kiclcsiana, 



