296 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 



E. Lacordaireana, E. Pireti, and E. astartoides, do not differ from each other more 

 than one finds to be the case in a long series of examples of any species. De 

 Koninck has, I think, made a mistake in his conception of E. unioniformis (vide 

 antea, p. 293), and consequently his remarks on the differences between that 

 species and E. Josepha cannot be accepted. 



In E. unioniformis the anterior end is deeper from above downwards than the 

 posterior, and the umbones are not much raised above the hinge-line ; but in 

 E. Josepha the anterior part of the shell is much narrower than the posterior, and 

 the umbones in consequence appear to be much raised above it, and in addition 

 E. unioniformis is less oblique and relatively more transverse than E. Josepha. 



M'Coy gave a description, without figures, of some shells from the limestone of 

 Lowick, Northumberland, under the name E. Josepha, but states in his remarks, 

 " It is doubtful whether this species be perfectly identical with that of de Koninck, 

 as it is concentrically ridged as well as striated." I have examined the specimens 

 in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, from Lowick which are labelled E. 

 Josepha, and can see no ground for referring them to that species. One is very 

 imperfect, but the other specimen is, I think, an example of E. rudis. The 

 specimens are casts, and are too rugose, and have well-marked concentric grooves 

 and ridges well marked, which is a character belonging to that species, while the 

 interiors of E. Josepha are almost smooth (PI. XXXIII, fig. II). 



I have obtained two specimens of this species from the No. I Marine Lime- 

 stone of Mr. Kirkby, east of St. Monans, which he considers to be ninety-seven 

 feet below the base of the Hurlet Limestone, and therefore belonging to the Cal- 

 ciferous Sandstone series. Mr. Kirkby has stated the presence of E. rudis in this 

 bed, but I cannot find that species there myself. 



Edjiondia Lowickensis, sp. nov. Plate XXXIII, figs. 1 — -I. 



Edmoxdia phaseolina, M'Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 502. 



Etheridge, 1SS8. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 283. 



Specific < 'Intruders. — Shell of only very moderate size, transversely hatchet- 

 shaped ; narrowed anteriorly, expanded and truncate behind, oblique, moderately 

 gibbose. The anterior end is produced forwards ; narrowed by the approach of 

 I he inferior and superior margins; its border elliptically curved, passes below into 

 the inferior margin, which is gently but regularly convex. The posterior border 

 is obliquely cut from above downwards and backwards, nearly -straight, making a 

 well-marked obtuse angle with the hinge-line, and a rounded obtuse angle with 

 the inferior border. The hinge-line is well curved in front, but nearly straight 

 posteriorly. The umbones are small, tumid, pointed, incurved, and slightly 

 twisted forwards, contiguous, elevated, and situated in the front part of the 



