EDMONDIA LAMINATA. 325 



crowded in front, and at the extreme anterior margin become obsolete, but they 

 increase in definition, and are somewhat wider apart posteriorly. 



Localities. — England : the Carboniferous Limestone of Thorpe Cloud and 

 Chrome Hill, Derbj'shire ; Thorpe, near Grassington, and Settle, Yorkshire ; the 

 Upper Carboniferous Limestone of Poolvash, Isle of Man. Ireland : the 

 Carboniferous Limestone of Kildare ; Carboniferous Slate, Ballymeeny, Easky ; 

 shale in Carboniferous Limestone at St. Dooghlas quarry, co. Dublin. 



Dimensions. — Fig. 3, PI. XXXVI, measures — 



Antero-posteriorly . . . .35 mm. 



Dorso-ventrally . . . .25 mm. 



Elevation of valve . . . 8 mm. 



Observations. — The type of Phillips's Lucina laminata is preserved in the 

 Gilbertson Collection of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), South Kensington, and 

 I refigure it, PL XXXVI, fig. 11, by the kind permission of Dr. H. Woodward. 

 This specimen is only imperfect at the umbo, and the greater part of the valve, 

 with its characteristic markings, is well preserved. It represents a specimen in 

 advanced growth, and was obtained from the Bolland district of Yorkshire. The 

 type of M'Coy's Astarte quadrata is preserved in the Griffith Collection of the 

 Science and Art Museum, Dublin, and Dr. Scharff has permitted me to refigure it, 

 PL XXXVI, fig. 12. It is a somewhat imperfect example of a left valve of full 

 size, not of the right valve, as M'Coy's figure would appear to show; and, although 

 the greater part of the valve has been removed, quite sufficient remains to 

 demonstrate the identity of this shell with E. laminata, Phillips, sp. The growth 

 of this shell has been interrupted from some cause or other, and it will be noticed 

 that the regularity of curvature was interfered with when the shell had attained 

 about two thirds of its growth. This was doubtless an accident, but M'Coy 

 seems to have regarded the condition as a specific character, for he says, " This 

 shell has a thick and somewhat rugged appearance from the prominence of the 

 few large wrinkles of growth (as distinguished from the transverse sulci)." Many 

 specimens, however, as might naturally be expected, exhibit slight variations in the 

 strength and extent of the concentric ridges and sulci. I have been fortunate 

 enough to obtain numerous specimens of this shell at Thorpe Cloud, the conical hill 

 at the entrance to Dovedale, and have no hesitation in referring them to Phillips's 

 species, E. laminata. De Koninck described a medium-sized shell of this species 

 under the name E. sculpta, and he seems to have satisfied himself that it possesses 

 the characteristic internal characters of Edmondia; for, although he does not figure 

 the hinge-plate, he places no ? after the genus, as is his custom when he has not 

 seen the hinge. De Koninck says that " les ornaments de la surface de cette 

 petite espece ressemblent a ceux d'^7. globosa, de Ryckholt, qui en differe par sa 

 grande taille et par l'epaisseur relativement plus grand de sa coquille." From 



42 



