INTRODUCTION. 5 



separation between the Coralline and the Red Crag of AValton as that implied by 

 regarding the one as Lower and the other as Upper Pliocene. I consider, however, 

 tliat such a division does exist between the Coralline Crag and the Lenham beds, 

 as I shall endeavour to show in an Appendix to this Memoir. 



In 1899 I proposed the following classification of the Crag deposits and of 

 their foreign equivalents ; I placed all the East Anglian beds in the Upper Pliocene, 

 leaving, as hitherto, the Lenham beds and the Boxstone fauna, together with the 

 Diestien Sands of Belgium, and the Waenrode bed, but not the Casterlien deposits 

 (zone a Isocardia cor) of Antwerp, in the lower division of that formation. 



Table (slightly modified) showing the Classification of the Pliocene Strata 



proposed by mb in 1899.^ 



Upper Pliocene. 



r 

 1 



Icenian . . -{ 



Butleyan . 



Newbouruian . 



r 



Waltonian . !, 



1 



1 



Boytonian . f 

 Gredgr avian . -| 



I 



Crag of Weybourue, Belaugli, etc. (zone of 



Tellma haltliica) 

 Chillesford Beds (estuarine) 



f Upper horizon 



Norwich Crag (marine) \ (northern part) 

 * ^ ■' \ Lower horizon 

 i^ (southern part) 

 Eed Crag of Butley, Bawdsey, etc. (littoral and 



northern) 

 Eed Crag of JSTewbourn, Waldringfield, etc. 



(littoral and intermediate) 

 Eed Crag of Beaumont, and Little Oakley (littoral 



and southern, with some northern species) 

 Eed Crag of Walton-on-Naze (littoral and 



southern) 

 Coi-alline Crag of Boytoii and Eamsholt (part) 

 Coralline Crag of Gedgrave and Sutton (mar- 

 ine, southern) 



Foreign eqiiivalents. 



1 



1 



J> Amstelien of Holland. 



J 

 Poederlien (in part) . 



Scaldisien, zone a Cliryso- 

 domus contraria. 



[ Casterlien, zone a Isocardia 

 j cor. 



Lower Pliocene. 



1 



r 



Leuliamiau \ 



Lenham Beds {zone of Area diluvii) : 

 Boxstone fauna 



Diestien, zone a Terehratula 

 grandis. 



In the introduction to Wood's first Supplement his son and I separated from 

 the Crag the fossiliferous deposits of Weybourne, Belaugh, and Crostwick, 

 characterised by containing everywhere and in great abundance the shell Tellma 

 haltliica, a species unknown from the Norwich zone, associating them with the 

 Pleistocene beds. For some time, however, I have grouped them as Icenian, a 



1 Eep. Brit. Assoc, Dover (1899), p. 751. 



