12 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



by Messrs. Kennard and B. B. Woodward with Recent specimens of H. nihiginosa, 

 and identified by them as of that species. They state it has not been recorded 

 hitherto from this country either as living or fossil, although it has a wide 

 range on the Continent. 



Genus VALLONIA, Risso, 1820. 

 Vallonia pulchella (Midler). 



1774. Helix pulchella, Miiller, Verm. terr. fluv. Hist., pt. ii, p. 30, no. 232. 



1848. Helix pulchella, S. V. Wood, Mou. Crag Moll., pt. i, p. 3, tab. i, fig. 4. 



1853. Helix pulchella, Forbes and Hauley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv, p. 78, pi. cxix, figs. 8 — 10. 



1862. Helix pulchella, Jeffreys, Brit. Couch., vol. i, p. 224, pi. xiv, fig. 1. 



1880. Helix {Vallonia) tenuilimhata, Sandberger, Kennt. Unterpleist. Sell. Eng. ; Palgeont., vol. xxvii, 

 p. 102, pi. xii, fig. 13. 



1889. Helix pulchella, Lorie, Bull. Soc. Belg. Geol., vol. iii (Memoires), p. 435. 



1890. Helix jmlchella, C. Eeid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., p. 228. 



1897-1901. Vallonia pulchella, Kennsird and B. B. Woodward, Essex Nat., vol. x, p. 108, 1897; 

 Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. iii, p. 192, 1899 ; Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xvii, pp. 224 et seq., 1901. 



Specific Characters. — See Mon. Crag Moll., pt. i, p. 3. 



Dimensions. — Diam. 3 mm. H. 1'5 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent : generally distributed in Grreat Britain from the Orkneys 

 to the Channel Isles ; abroad from Siberia to the Atlantic Islands ; in many parts 

 of Asia, North America, Australasia; reported from the Cape Colony and 

 Mauritius. 



Fossil: Butleyan Crag: Bawdsey. Icenian : Bramerton, Beccles; 

 Freshwater bed. West Runton. Pleistocene and Holocene of Grreat Britain. 



Pliocene : Holland (Lorie). Lower Pleistocene : Mosbach. Valley loess of St. 

 Gall, Switzerland; the Somme Valley, Auvergne ; lacustrine marls of the Saone, 

 Toulouse, Villefranche ; loess of Tirlemont and other localities in Belgium ; lime- 

 stones and travertin of Algeria. In North America it has been obtained from the 

 loess of Iowa, the old forest-bed of Indiana, and the upper Lahontan deposits of 

 Nevada. Newer Holocene of Sweden and Denmark (Nordmann). 



Bemarks. — V. imlchella was known to Wood from the Butleyan Crag of Bawdsey 

 only ; it has since been obtained at Bramerton by Mr. Jas. Reeve, and has been 

 reported by Dr. Lorie from a deep boring at Amsterdam in the Amstelien deposits 

 (Pliocene), at a depth of 230 metres. 



Vallonia excentrica, Sterki. Plate I, fig. 1.5. 



1892. Vallonia excentrica, Sterki, in Trjon and Pilsbry, Man. Conch. (2), vol. viii, p. 249, pi. xxxii, 



figs. 6—9. 

 1911. Vallonia excentrica, Hughes, Proc. G-eol. Assoc, vol. xxii, p. 275. 



