HELIX NEMORALIS. 15 



1884. Helix lactea, R. G. Bell, Geol. Mag. [3], vol. i, p. 264. 



1890. Helix lactea, C. Reid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., pp. 85, 228. 



1899. Helix lactea, KeiiEard and B. B. Woodward, Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. iii, p. 193. 



Sjjecific Characters. — Shell large, imperforate, globose, depressed, transversely 

 expanded ; whorls 4 — 5, the uppermost flattened, the last convex, deflected in 

 front; mouth very oblique, broadly lunar; outer lip thickened, obtuse, slightly 

 marginate, reflected on the columella. 



Dimensions. — Diam. 28—37 mm. H. 28 mm. 



Distribution. — liecent : not known in Great Britain ; occurring over the Mediter- 

 ranean region in Spain, France, and North Africa ; Teneriffe ; Monte Video 

 (introduced) ; recorded from Pondoland, South Africa (Melvill and Ponsonby). 

 Fossil : Waltonian Crag : AValton-on-Naze. 



Remarhs. — The imperfect specimen of H. lactea, here figured, was found at 

 Walton in 1883 by the late R. Gr. Bell, and is now in the British Museum 

 (Natural History) ; it is the only example of this species recorded from the Crag 

 deposits. 



.Heliv lactea, is an extra-British species with an exclusively southern range, as 

 to which R. Gr. Bell remarked that the land shells obtained from AValton agree 

 with the marine mollusca in showing the distinction between the Red Crag of that 

 place and the Crag of Butley, the fauna of the former being mainly southern ; on 

 the other hand both the prevalent land and marine shells of Butley are of a 

 comparatively northern character. 



He further states that the Walton fossil most nearly resembles an Algerian 

 variety of this species. 



Mr. J. W. Taylor informs me that he believes that the two specimens 

 recorded from Yorkshire at Pateley Bridge and Scarborough were accidentally 

 introduced. 



Helix nemoralis, Linne. Plate I, fig. 3. 



1758. Helix nemoralis, Liuue, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 773, uo, 604. 



1843. Helix HassendoncJcii, Nyst, Coq. Foss. Terr. Tert. Belg., p. 464, pi. xxxviii, fig. 17. 



1853. Helix nemoralis, Forbes and Hauley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv, p. 53, pi. cxv, figs. 1 — 4. 



1862. Helix nemoralis, Jeffreys, Brit. Couch., vol. i, p. 185, pi. xi, fig. 3 a. 



1875. Helix nemoralis, Sandberger, Laud Sussw. Conch. Vorw., p. 853, taf. xxxv, fig. 3 a. 



1890. Helix nemoralis, C. Reid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., p. 228. 



1897-1901. Helix nemoralis, Kenuard and B. B. Woodward, Essex Nat., vol. x, pp. 100 et seq., 1897 ; 



Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xvii, j^p. 220 et seq., 1901. 

 1910. Helix nemoralis, Taylor, Mon. Laud Freshw. Moll. Brit., vol. iii, p. 274, pis. xxvi, xxvii. 



Specific Characters. — Shell globular, depressed below, rather solid, shoAving- 

 close irregular lines of growth and minute undulating spiral stri« ; whorls 5^, 



