16 PLIOCENE MOLLUSC A. 



convex, the last three-fifths of the total length ; spire short, with a blunt apex ; 

 suture slight ; mouth cresent-shaped, oblique ; basal lip flattened and angulated ; 

 outer lip reflected and thickened by an internal rib, much inflected above, slightly 

 angular beneath where it makes an abrupt bend towards the columella; umbilicus 

 closed and covered in the adult. 



Dimensions. — Diam. 20 — 2-i mm. H. 15 — 18 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent : distributed over England, Wales, and Ireland, and in 

 Scotland as far as Kincardine and the Caledonian Canal ; it has only succeeded in 

 crossing the Great Scottish Glen at one point ; on the continent from Sweden and 

 Norway to the Mediterranean (J. W. Taylor). 



Fossil: Butleyan Crag : Butley. Freshwater l)ed, West Runton. 

 Pleistocene : Woodston, Barnwell, Barrington, Copford, Grays, IlFord, Selsey, 

 Torquay, Market Weighton, and elsewhere. Holocene : various parts of England 

 and Ireland. 



Miocene and Pliocene: France. Pliocene: Belgium, Holland. Pleistocene: 

 many localities in France, Germany and Italy. Widely diffused in the Holocene 

 deposits of Belgium, France, Sweden and Denmark.' 



Bemarks.— Mr. Kennard informs me that the only specimen of Helix nemoraUs 

 known to him from the Crag is one he found some years ago at Butley which was 

 unfortunately broken. The reference of this species by the late Prof. Morris to 

 the Coralline Crag, quoted by Mr. J. W. Taylor, was a mistake, the bed in v.'hich 

 it occurred being one of reconstructed Crag. 



Mr. C. Reid reports H. nemoraUs from the freshwater deposits of the Cromer 

 coast. The specimen here figured is from the Barnwell gravels. 



In M. van den Broeck's opinion //. Haesciidoitcl-ii, Nyst, from the Antwerp Crag, 

 is identical with the present species. 



Helix hortensis, Midler. Plate I, tig. 4. 



1774. Helix hortensis, Mi'iller, Verm. terr. fluv. Hi.st., pt. ii, p. 52, uo. ■2-47. 



1853. Helix nemoraUs, var. hortensis, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv, p. 53. 



1858. Acavus (Tachea) hortensis, Adams, Geu. Rec. Moll., vol. ii, p. 195. 



1862. Helix nemoraUs, var. hortensis, Jeffreys, Brit. Concli., vol. i, p. 186, pi. xi, fig. Sb. 



1870. Helix hortensis, Gould, Rep. Inv. Mass., ed. ii, p. 429, fig. 688. 



1897-1901. Helix hortensis, Kennard and B. B. Woodward, Essex Nat., vol. x, pp. 96 et seq., 1897; 



Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xvii, pp. 224 et seq., 1901. 

 1909. Helix hortensis, Scharff, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xxviii, p. 19, fig. 4. 

 1911. Helix hortensis, J. W. Taylor, Mon. Land Fresh w. Moll. Brit., vol. iii, p. 326, pi. xxix. 



Specific Characters. — Shell distinguished from that of H. nemoraUs by its 

 smaller size and more globose form ; it is thinner and more glossy than that species. 

 Dimensions. — Diam. 18 mm. H. 15 mm. 



^ In the work quoted above, p. 283, Mr. J. W. Taylor gives many other localities for this species. 



