20 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



Jaminia cylindracea (Da Costa). Plate I, fig. 10. 



1778. Turho cylindraceus, Da Costa, Brit. Couch., p. 89, pi. v, fig. 16. 



1803. Turbo muscorum, Montagu, Test. Brit., pt. i, p. 335, pi. xxii, fig. 3. 



1805. Pupa umbilicata, Draparnaud, Moll. terr. fluv. France, p. 58, pi. iii, figs. 39, 40. 



1844. Pupa umbilicata, Philippi, En. Moll. Sic, vol. ii, p. 114. 



1853. Ptipa umbilicata, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv, p. 95, pi. cxxix, fig. 7. 



1862. Pupa umbilicata, Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., vol. i, p. 246, pi. xv, fig. 3. 



1890. Pupa umbilicata, C. Eeid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., p. 229. 



1897-1901. Pupa cylindracea, Kennard and B. B. Woodward, Essex Nat., vol. x, pp. 103 et seq,, 1897 ; 



Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. iii, p. 194, 1899 ; Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xvii, p. 260, 1901. 

 1903. Jaminia cylindracea, B. B. Woodwai'd, Journ. Conch., vol. x, p. 354. 



Specific Characters. — Shell minute, rather thin, .sub-cylindrical, slightly and 

 irregularly striated in the lines of growth ; whorls convex, the last about two-fifths 

 the total length, sharply twisted upwards towards the mouth, the first two whorls 

 much smaller in proportion to the rest ; spire short, abruptly and bluntly pointed ; 

 suture rather oblique, well defined, but not deep ; mouth sub-triangular, contracted 

 or channelled below in the adult shell, with a short ridge-like tooth on the pillar 

 near the outer lip and another on the inner lip which is spread on the pillar; 

 umbilicus very small and oblique, contracted by a ridge at the base of the shell. 



Dimensions. — L. 3 mm. B. 1"5 mm. 



Distribution. — Recent .- Great Britain, everywhere from Shetland to the 

 Channel Islands ; abroad, Finland to Algeria, Morocco and Tunis, as well as to 

 the Grecian Archipelago; Azores, Madeira; Armenia, Abyssinia, Cape of Good 

 Hope (J. W. Taylor). 



Fossil : Icenian Crag : Bramerton (Norwich Museum), Yarn Hill 

 (Leach). 



Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of Great Britain (Kennard and B. B. 

 Woodward). Holocene : shell-beds of Horn Head, Tramore, Donegal (J. W. 

 Taylor). 



Bemarhs. — This little shell is generally known by Draparnaud's name of Pupa 

 umbilicata, a term adopted l)oth by Forbes and Hanley and by Jeffreys. The 

 latter admits, however, that strictly it should be called F. cylindracea, by which 

 specific name it was known to Da Costa. Messrs. Kennard and B. B. AYoodward 

 have revived the latter name in their recent papers. 



/. cylindracea was not known to Wood from the Crag, but has since been 

 reported from Bramerton and Yarn Hill. Messrs. Kennard and B. B, Woodward 

 state there is a specimen in the Castle Museum at Norwich, but it cannot now 

 be found. The figure here given is from a Recent shell. 



A single example was found by Dr. Frank Corner in the Pleistocene deposits 

 of Ilford ; it occurs abundantly at Copford, but less so elseAvhere. Messrs. 



