SUCCINEA PUTKIS. 23 



North Italy in one direction (Jeffreys), and to Rnssia (including Siberia), Hungary, 

 and Bosnia in another (J. AV. Taylor). 



Fofisil : Icenian Crag — Nonricli zone -. Bulchamp, Southwold. 

 Wei/hourne zone : East Runton ; Freshwater beds. West Riinton. 



Pleistocene and Holocene deposits of Great Britain and the Continent. Loess 

 of China: Kansu (Hilber). 



Bemarlis. — The fossil here figured is from the Wood Collection in the British 

 Museum (Natural History). Messrs. Kennard and B. B. Woodward, remarking 

 that it differs somewhat from the typical form of ^S'. ohloncja, state that it is the 

 only specimen known to them which can be I'eferred to that species. 



8. ohlonga is rare in this country at present, but in Pleistocene times it was 

 more common and more widely distributed, being specially abundant both here 

 and on the Continent together with Helix hispida and Pujni muxcornvi, as at Swale 

 Cliff, near Heme Bay ; in the loess of Germany and the valleys of the Seine and 

 the Somme {limoiis tires a Succinees). 



M. Rutot informs me that S. ohlonga occurs at all horizons of the Belgian 

 Pleistocene, from the Moseen to the Hesbayen ; in the latter it is accompanied bv 

 the two shells mentioned above. Lyell regards these three species as specially 

 characteristic of the loess.^ 



It occurs, also, according to Dr. Nordmann, in the newer Holocene of Sweden 

 and Denmark. 



Mr. Taylor remarks that being a weak or recessive species, it is much scarcer 

 in England than in the sister countries, being fairly common in Ireland, where 

 the fauna is less dominant. He considers it is being slowly exterminated here. 



Succinea putris (Linne). 



1758. Helix jndris, Linue, Syst. Nat., ed. x, p. 774, no. 614. 



1848. Succinea putris (?), S. V. Wood, Mon. Crag Moll., pt. i, p. 5, tab. 1, fig. 5. 

 1853. Succinea putris, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv, p. 132, pi. cxxxi, figs. 1 — 5. 

 1862. Succinea putris, Jeifreys, Brit. Couch., vol. i, p. 151, pi. viii, fig. 4. 

 1890. Succinea putris, C. Keid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., p. 229. 



1897-1901. Succinea putris, Kennard and B. B. Woodward, Essex Nat., vol. x, p. 108, 1897; Proc. 

 Malac. Soc, vol. iii, p. 195, 1899; Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. xvii, p. 217, 1901. 



Specific Gharacfers. — Shell oval, very thin, finely striated by the lines of 

 growth ; whorls 3 — 4, convex, the last four-fifths of the total length ; spire short, 

 rapidly diminishing in size, ending in a blunt point ; suture oblique and deep ; 

 mouth large, oval, angulate above ; outer lip slightly thickened, contracted where 

 it joins the columella ; pillar-lip sharp. 



Dimensions. — L. 17 mm. B. 10 mm. 



1 Antiquity of Man, 4tlied., p. 375, 1873. 



