24 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



Distribution. — Recent ; very Avidely distributed throughout the Palgearctic 

 region ; in Great Britain from Shetland to the Channel Islands ; abroad in Europe, 

 Asia ; and the north of Africa. 



Fossil : Butleyan Crag: Butley. Icenian : Bramerton, Yarn Hill; 

 Freshwater bed, Mundesley. Common in English Pleistocene and Holocene 

 deposits from Yorkshire southwards. 



Italian Pliocene (de Stefani). Pleistocene: Germany — Mosbach; France — St. 

 Acheul, Vincennes. IMan}^ other Pleistocene and Holocene localities. Newer 

 Holocene : Sweden and Denmark (Nordmann). 



Remarlcs. — Wood tigured a shell from Bramerton as (S'. putris with a query, 

 but it hardly represents the typical form of this species. There are two others, 

 very small, in the Norwich Museum, and a larger one from Butley, which conform 

 more nearly to the Recent shell ; 8. imtris seems to have been variable in former 

 times as it is at present. Specimens from the gravels of Barnwell near Cambridge, 

 for example, differ wndely both in form and size. 



Genm CARYCHIUM, Miiller, 1774. 

 Carychium minimum, Miiller. Plate I, fig. 12. 



1774. CanjcJiium minimum, Miiller, Verm. terr. fiuv. Hist., pt. ii, p. 1"2.5, uo. 321. 



1853. Carychium, minimum, Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., vol. iv, p. 198, pi. cxxv, fig. 6. 



1862. Carychium minimum, .Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., vol. i, p. 300, pi. xviii, fig. 4. 



1871. Carychium minimum, Jeffreys, in Prestwicli, Quart. Jouru. Geol. Soc, vol. xxvii, p. 493. 



1872. Carychium minimum, A. and E. Bell, Proc. Greol. Assoc, vol. ii, p. 215. 

 1890. Carychium minimtim, C. Keid, Plioc. Dep. Brit., p. 228. 



1897-9. Carychium minimum, Kennard and B. B. Woodward, Essex Nat., vol. x, pp. 100 et seq., 

 1897 ; Proc. Malac. Soc, vol. iii, p. 203, 1899. 



Specific Characters. — Shell minute, oblong, elongate, densely and very finely 

 striated in the line of growth ; whorls 5^, convex, tapering to a blunt point ; 

 basal contraction of shell gradual ; suture deep, slighth^ oblique ; mouth ol^liquely 

 oval, with a strong spiral fold on the middle of the pillar, and another on the 

 pillar-lip ; outer lip thick and reflected, with a strong internal tooth in the middle 

 which projects into the mouth, the upper edge of the lip being inflected ; inner 

 lip thickened, forming with the outer lip a complete peristome; umbilical slit 

 oblique. 



Dimensions. — L. 1*75 mm. B. "So mm. 



Distrihiitiori. — Rereitt : generally diffused through Great Britain and Ireland; 

 abroad from Sweden and Norway to Sicily, Algeria and Morocco; Siberia; 

 Mancliuria ; Armenia (J. W. Taylor). 



