HISTORY OF RESEARCH. xxxix 



described by him came from the so-called Taconic beds of New Hampshire, From 

 strata now known to bo of Ordovician age. 



The only work that appeared in 1856 in which Graptolites 

 were referred to was Bronn's ' Lethsea Geoernostica.' The 



Bronn, ... . 



' t .)i...v. n . >,„, .o ., ' reference to these fossils in this book is almost entirely a 

 JjcMiira ueognostica. 



resume of the work of previous observers, and contains little 

 or nothing that is original. He accepts Barrande's three genera of Monoprion, 

 litis! rites and Retiolites, but rejects Geinitz's ( 'ladograpsus and Nereograpsus. These 

 he considers to be trails or footprints of annelids. 



As regards the affinities of the Graptolites, Bronn is opposed to Barrande's 

 view of their relationship to the Pennatulidas, on account of their very different 

 habit, and also from the fact that the family of the Pennatulidas is not represented 

 in any of the Palasozoic formations. 



A few Graptolites were figured in 1857, in the second edi- 

 tion of Naumann's ' Lehrbuch der Geognosie ;' but the author 

 ' Lehrbuch der adds nothing new, and the few figures that are given are 



Geognosie,' 2nd edit, mainly copies of those of Barrande. 



1857. 

 Naumann, 



1857 

 jf c r j I ]1 1857 McCrady published a paper on the " Zoological 



" Zoological Affinities Affinities of Graptolites," in which he endeavoured to show 



of the Graptolites," the similarity of the graptolitic forms to the Echinoderin 



'Proc. Eliot Soc. of larvae. (We have not, however, been able to obtain access to 



Nat. Hist, of Charles- ,i • \ 



this paper.) 



ton,' vol. i. l i ' 



1857. 

 Meneghit 

 Palaeontolosrie de 



Descriptions and figures of the Graptolites of the Island 

 of Sardinia were published by Meneghini in 1857. Nine 

 species are named, and of these seven are described as new. 

 l'Isle de Sardaio-ne.' Unfortunately the accompanying illustrations are so poor that 

 it is impossible to identify any of the specific forms with 

 certainty; and in spite of Meneghini's lengthy descriptions, his suggested names 

 have never been adopted. It is possible, however, that his figures are attempts to 

 represent well-known species. His (1) Gr. (Monograpsus) antennularis is of the 

 M. Bechi type, and his (2) Gr. Larmarmorse is possibly identical with Salter's 

 .1/. Flemingii. The form entitled (3) Gr. colonus, Barrande, is wrongly identified; 

 but (4) Gr. belophorus may be that species. His (5) Gr. hemipristis is represented 

 by views partially scalariform, and is therefore unidentifiable. His (6) Gr. Gonii 

 belongs clearly to the M. vomerinus group. His (7) Gr. falcatus resembles the 

 M. limatulus of Tornquist in general form and in the long proximal prolongation 

 of the stipe. His (8) Gr. mutuliferus is of the type of .1/. Flemingii; while his 

 (9) Gr. priodon is perhaps correctly referred to Bronn's species, but even this is 

 uncertain. His list is closed by two unnamed species of Diplograpsus, which are 



