TTTSTORY OF RESEARCH. 



lib 



along- the muddy bottom of the sea, giving off the ascending stipes in pairs, 

 which in their progress become branched, as before shown; and in this ease 

 the little transverse bar in the bending of the frond is a part of the broken 

 rhizoma." 



Although the Hydroid nature of the Graptolites would 

 seem to have been well established by this time, Goeppert, in 

 1859, rejected the generally accepted view, and asserted that 

 they were algae. He figures part of a Graptolite branch, 

 apparently bearing a fruit like that in Gallithamnum, as a 

 direct proof of their true algal nature. Goeppert figures 

 many forms of true Dendroid Grraptolites, to most of which 

 he gives names corresponding to those usually given to algoe. 

 lis (1) Sphserococcites Scharyanus is a Gallograptus? ; his (2) Calithamnites 



1859. 



Goeppi'ri, 



' Die Fossile Flora der 



Silurischen, Devo- 



nischen, unci unteren 



Kohlen-formation des 



soo'enaimteu Ueber- 



gangsgebirges.' 



Thus 



Eeussianus is a good Ptihgraptus ; while (3) Chondrites fruticulosus and (4) var. 

 articulatus are probably Dendrograpti. He retains the generic name Dictyonema 

 of Hall, but diagnoses it as an alga, and substitutes the specific name (5) Dicty- 

 onema Hisingeri as a common title for Gorgonia flabelliformis, Eich., Fenestella 

 socialis, Salt., and Dicty. fenestratum, Hall, which he field to lie the same species. 

 He agrees with Brongniart in regarding Fucoides (h-uiatus and /<'. serra as algae, 

 though he admits that the former also resembles Graptolites; but he changes the 

 generic name of both to Amansites. Goeppert's drawings are good for the most 

 part, and the paper is of value on this account. 



Two papers on Graptolites were published in America 

 during the year 1860, one by Hall and one by Dawson. The 

 paper by Hall was merely a repetition of that published by 

 him in the previous year in the ' Palaeontology of New 

 York.' 



Dawson's paper w r as essentially stratigraphical, but in it he 

 records Gr. clintonensis from the Lower Arisaig series of Nova 

 Scotia, and gives a brief preliminary description and figure of 

 anew species of Dictyonema, IK Websteri, from the Dictyonema 

 shales near New Canaan. 



A second edition of Eichwald's ' Lethasa Rossica ' was 

 published in I860. In this edition five Graptolite species 

 were described and figured, three being new. The new forms 

 are (1) Dq>l<><j. pennula {? Petalograptus) ; (2) D. paradoxus, 

 and (3) D. tumidus. The old species are the (4) I*. distichus 

 of Eichwald, and (5) Monoprion serratus of Schlothcim. The figures of the new 

 species are very poor, and it is impossible to identify any of them with certainty 

 at the present day. Eichwald re-describes his own Gorgonia (Dictyonema) 

 flabelliforme under the new generic name of Rhabdinopora. 



1860. 



Hall, 



13th Report of the 



State Cabinet. 



1860. 



Dawson, 



" Note on the Silurian 



and Devonian Rocks of 



Nova Scotia," ' Canad. 



Naturalist and 



Geologist,' vol. v. 



1860. 

 Eichwald, 



Lethsea Rossica,' 

 edit, 2. 



