TURRITELLA (HAUSTATOR) VERMTCULARIS. 149 



Distribution. — Recent : Atlantic coasts of Spain, Canary Islands, Mediterranean, 

 Adriatic, ^Egean. 



Fossil : Red Crag : Little Oakley, otherwise not worked out. 



Belgian Crag: Antwerp (Scaldisien ?). 



Dutch borings: Utrecht (Scaldisien). 



Miocene : Switzerland, France— Anjou, Grironde, Touraine (B. D. D.). Italy — 

 Stazzano, S. Agata. 



Lower Pliocene : Biot, Albenga, Siena. 



Upper Pliocene (Astiano) : Monte Mario, Messina. 



Pleistocene : Italy — Reggio, Monteleone, Taranto, Gravina, San Giovanni, 

 Livorno. Sicily — Messina, Monte Pellegrino. 



Remarks. — This form, well represented by Mr. C. Reid's figure of T. incrassata, 

 in his Pliocene Deposits of Britain (pi. iii, fig. 3), occurs at Oakley. So 

 far as my experience goes, it is a Red rather than a Coralline Crag species. 

 Dr. Lorie's figure of T. incrassata [op. cit, pi. vii, fig. 5) from the Scaldisien of the 

 Utrecht boring, seems also to be of the same type. The difference between this 

 shell and T. incrassata, is mainly one of sculpture, which in the typical T. triplicata 

 is more regular and much stronger, approaching more nearly that of T. vermicular is, 

 next to be described, and the suture is generally deeper. Some persons might 

 prefer to regard the three forms as varieties of one species, but which is to be the 

 type ? As stated above, I doubt very much whether continental authorities would 

 adopt T. incrassata, which it seems is probably slightly the oldest name. It will 

 be more convenient, I think, to " let sleeping dogs lie " and consider these allied 

 forms as specifically distinct. Some other of the Crag Turritellas, moreover, the 

 difference between which is principally one of sculpture, have a zonal value. 



Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis (Brocchi). Plate XLII, fig. 10; Plate XLIII, 



figs. 1 — 3. 



1814. Turbo vermicularis, Brocchi, Conch, foss. subap., vol. ii, p. 372, pi. vi, fig. 13. 



1848. Turritella incrassata, var. /3 (vermicularis), S. V. Wood, Mon. Crag Moll., pt. i, p. 75, pi. vi, 



fig. 7 b. 

 1856. Turritella vermicularis, Homes, Foss. Moll. Tert. Wieu, vol. i, p. 422, pi. xliii, figs. 17, 18. 

 1876. Turritella vermicularis, Seguenza, Boll. B. Com. Geol. Hal., vol. vii, p. 100, no. 640. 

 1881. Turritella incrassata (pt.), Nyst, Conch. Terr. Tert. Belg., p. 82, pi. vi, fig. 12« (?). 

 1889-95. Turritella vermicularis, and vars., Sacco, Boll. Soc. G-eol. Ital., vol. viii, p. 353, no. 1909, 



1889 ; Haustator vermicularis, and vars., Moll. Terr. Terz. Fiem., pt. xix. pp. 21 — 24, pi. ii, figs. 10-24, 



1895. 

 1912. Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis, Cossmann, Ess. Paleoconch. conipar., vol. ix,p. 115, pi. vii, 



figs. 10, 11. 



1912. Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis, Cerulli-Irelli, Palaeont. Ital., vol. xviii, p. 163, pi. xxv, 

 figs. 1-6. 



1913. Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis, Gignoux, Ann. Univ. Lyon, n.s. [1], p. 554. 



