458 PLIOCENE MOLLUSCA. 



1871. Vermetus subcancellatus, Jeffreys in Prestwicb, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxvii, pp. 146, 492. 



1872. Vermetus intortus, A. and R. Bell, Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. ii, p. 204. 



1873-6. Vermetus intortus, Seguenza, Boll. R. Com. Geol. Ital., vol. iv, p. 356, no. 346, 1873 ; vol. v, 



p. 282, no. 126, 1874; vol. vii, p. 100, no. 649, 1876. 

 1878. Vermetus intortus, de Stefani e Pantanelli, Bull. Soc. Malac, Ital., vol. iv, p. 144. 

 1881. Vermetus intortus, Nyst, Conch. Terr. Terr, Belg., p. 84, pi. vi, figs, 13 a, 13 c. 

 1881. Vermetus intortus, Fontannes, Moll, plioc. Vail, du Rhone., vol. i, p. 201, pi. xi, fig. 6. 

 1884. Vermetus (Serpulus) intortus, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg et Dollfus, Moll. mar. Rouss., vol. i, p. 235, 



pi. xxx, figs. 15, 16. 

 1889-96. Vermetus intortus, Sacco, Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. viii, p. 353, no. 1911, 1889 ; V. (Petalo- 



conchus) intortus, Moll. Terr. Terz. Piem., pt. xx, p. 7, pi. i, fig. 12, 1896. 

 1892. Vermetus intortus, Van den Broeck, Bull. Soc. Beige Geol., vol. vi (Mcmoires), pp. 123, 147. 

 1896. Vermetus intortus, Bernays, Bull. Soc. Beige Geol., vol. x (Mcmoires), p. 129. 

 1912. Vermetus (Petaloconcha) intortus, Cossmann, Ess. Pah'oconch. compar., vol. ix, p. 135, pi. x, 



figs. 20, 21. 

 1912. Vermetus intortus, Tesch, Med. v. d. Rijks. v. Delfstoffen, no. iv, p. 72, no. 166. 

 1912. Vermetus (Petaloconchus) intortus, Cerulli-Irelli, Palaeont. Ital., vol. xviii, p. 155, pi. xxiii, 



figs. 80—84. 



Specific Characters. — Shell fairly thick and strong, tubular, the tubes being 

 subquadrangular, closely rolled upon themselves so as to form a subcylindrical, 

 spiral coil with a very narrow suture, or subglomerate ; ornamented by irregular 

 rugose ridges, spiral and transverse ; mouth subcircular. 



Dimensions. — Size of coil irregular ; diameter of tube, 5 mm. ; of coil, 10 mm. 



Distribution. — Not known living. 



Fossil : Coralline Crag : Sutton, Ramsholt. Waltonian : Walton- 

 on-Naze, Beaumont, Little Oakley. Casterlien : Belgium. Scaldisien : Holland, 

 Belgium. 



Miocene : Vienna basin, northern Italy, Touraine. 



Lower Pliocene : Biot, Ligurian coast (abundant in places), Piedmont, Tuscany, 

 south-west France. 



Upper Pliocene : Italy — Piedmont, Asti, Bologna, Monte Mario, Val d'Era, 

 Corace. Sicily — Altavilla, Caltabiano. 



Pleistocene : Italy — Gravina. Sicily — Palermo, Nizzeti, Militello. 



Remarks. — There seems some difference of opinion as to whether V. intortus 

 should be regarded as still living, but this may be due to its having been identified 

 by some Conchologists with another Mediterranean species ; Messrs. Dautzenberg 

 and Dollfus consider it an extinct form, giving their reasons for doing so, 1 and 

 Sign. Cerulli-Irelli has expressed a similar opinion. 3 It is a characteristic Pliocene 

 fossil, very common, according to Prof. Sacco, at certain Pliocene localities in 

 northern Italy. I have figured a typical specimen from the Lower Pliocene argiles 



1 Op. cit., vol. i, p. 235. 



2 Op. cit., vol. xviii, p. 155. 



