460 PLIOCENE MOLLUSC A. 



Miocene: Italy (Tortoniano). 



Lower Pliocene : Biot, Liguria, Siena. 



Upper Pliocene : Liguria, Piedmont, Monte Mario, Bologna, Val d'Era, 

 Alta villa. 



Pleistocene : Messina, San Giovanni, Nizzeti, Taranto. 



Remark*. — MM. Bncquoy, Dautzenberg and Dollfus state (op. cit., p. 234) 

 that it lias been now definitely ascertained that the Serpula glomerata of Linne is 

 the species afterwards described by Bivona as Vermetus subcancellatus, and that 

 the V. glomeratus of the latter is a different shell. If this is so, the name of the 

 fossils hitherto known to Crag geologists as V. subcancellatus should be changed. 

 They are fairly common at Oakley from which place I have 50 or 60 specimens in 

 my collection, most of them, however, being more or less fragmentary. Some of 

 them are in the form of a simple spiral coil, others are amorphous agglomerations 

 of the coiled tubes, growing on each other without any plan or arrangement. 

 Wood says that one of the masses in his collection was nearly as large as a hen's 

 egg. The figures of V. glomeratus in the work on the Mollusca of Rousillon agree 

 very well with my Oakley fossils. 



Sub-genus BIVONIA, Gray, 1842. 

 Vermetus (Bivonia) triqueter (Bivona). Plate XLIV, figs. 24 — 28. 



1832. Vermetus triqueter, Bivona, Nuov. Gen. e Spec, di Moll., p. 11, pi. ii, fig. 4. 



1836-44. Vermetus triqueter (pt.), Philippi, Enuin. Moll. Sic, vol. i, p. 170, pi. ix, fig. 21, 1836 ; vol. ii, 



p. 143, 1844. 

 1870-1. Vermetus triqueter, A. Bell, Journ. de Conch., vol. xviii, p. 357, no. 362, 1870; Ann. Mag. 



Nat, Hist. [4], vol. vii, p. 359, 1871. 



1871. Vermetus triqueter, Jeffreys in Prestwicli, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxvii, p. 492. 



1872. Vermetus triqueter, A. and R. Bell, Proc. Geol. Assoc, vol. ii, p. 210. 



1873. Vermetus triqueter, Seguenza, Boll. E. Com. Geol. Ital., vol. iv, p. 356, no. 343. 

 1878. Vermetus triqueter, de Stefani e Pantanelli, Bull. Soc. Malac Ital., vol. iv, p. 144. 



1884. Vermetus (Dofania) triqueter, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg et Dollfus, Moll. mar. Rouss., vol. i, 



p. 238, pi. xxx, tigs. 1—6. 



1884. Dofania (?) triquetra, Monterosato, Nom. Gen. e Spec Conch. Medit., p. 82. 



1890. Vermetus triqueter, Carus, Prod. Faun. Medit., vol. ii, p. 356. 



1892. Vermetus triqueter, Locard, Coq. mar. Cotes de France, p. 132. 



1896. Vermetus (Bivonia) triquetra, Sacco, Moll. Terr. Terz. Piem., pt. xx, p. 13, pi. ii, figs. 1—8. 



1912. Vermetus (Bivonia) triqueter, Cossmann, Ess. Paleoconch. compar., vol. ix, p. 136, pi. x, fig. 4. 



Specific Characters. — Shell tubular, coiled upon itself, the coils often adherent 

 to stones ; flattened on the fixed side, strongly ridged above, giving the tubes a 

 triangulate appearance ; ornamented by numerous fine and irregular plications ; 

 mouth subcircular. 



