24 THE ENTOMOSTRACA OF 



it is more or less developed at its extremities into cardinal processes or teeth, which, 

 with still stronger, but isolated, teeth at the ends of the furrow on the opposite valve 

 form the anterior and posterior hinges of the carapace : the ventral margin of each 

 valve is more or less incurved near the middle, where its edge is frequently produced 

 (as also occasionally in Ci/pris) into a thin projecting laminar curvilinear plate. The 

 posterior border being always depressed and contracted, and frequently notched at its 

 dorsal angle, forms a low subacute marginal rim or " posterior lobe," of varying 

 breadth. 



[Oval forms o/* Cythere proper.] 

 No. 1. Cythere punctata, Miinster. Plate II, figs. 5 a — 5 h. 



Cythere punctata, Miinster. Jahrb. f. Min., &c, 1830, p. 62. 



Cytherina punctata, Roemer. Neues Jahrb. f. Min., &c, 1838, p. 515, t. 6, fig. 2. 



Cypridina punctata, Eeuss. Haidinger's Abhandl., iii, p. 68, t. 9, fig. 24. 



— punctatella, lb. Haidinger's Abhandl., iii, p. 65, t. 9, fig. 15. (Young of 



C. punctata ?) 

 Cythere punctatella, Bosquet. Mem. Couron. Acad. Belg., xxiv, p. 75, t. 3, fig. 12. 



(Young of C. punctata ?) 



INCH. 



Length, ■£■$ Recent : Britain ; Europe. 



Pliocene : Suffolk. 



Upper and Middle Tertiary : Europe. 

 Middle Tertiary : Maryland ? 



Carapace broadly sub-ovate, resembling a peach-stone in miniature, most convex 

 towards the middle of the ventral portion ; right valve (fig. 5 b) narrower than the 

 left, and its hinge-line more oblique : surface of the valves coarsely pitted with sub- 

 hexagonal serial punctations (fig. 5 It), and in the old specimen 1 (fig. 5 a), marked on 

 the anterior portion with concentric raised lines, or faint ridges, near the margin ; the 

 pittings and the marginal concentric lines (which latter rarely occur) are both subject 

 to variation in their relative size and distinctness, according to the age of the indi- 

 viduals. In young specimens (fig. 5 e), both the shape and the punctation resemble 

 that of C. punctatella, Reuss. 



This species occurs plentifully in the Crag of Suffolk, together with C. Woodiana, &c. 

 It has been found also in the Austro-Hungarian Tertiaries by Reuss ; and at Palermo 

 and Castell' Arquato by Miinster. I have it from the Bordeaux sand, and a scarcely 

 distinguishable variety from Maryland, United States. C. punctatella occurs also in 

 the Austro-Hungarian Tertiaries, and at Castell' Arquato, Bordeaux, and Perpignan. 



1 This specimen is not quite perfect, the posterior lobe having been broken away. 



