ESTHERIA STRIATA. 25 



ESTHERIA STRIATA, Var. BeINERTIANA. PI. I, figS. 11 14. 



Inch. Inch. 



Height of valve, $ ) Height V* ") u »• o * c i n 



(Proportion 3 to 5, or 1 : 1£ + ° ° [ Proportion 2 to 3, or 1 : 1^. 



Length, about ^ ) Length nearly §• ) 



Carapace-valves obliquely subovate ; posterior half lnucli higher than the anterior ; 

 postero-ventral angle produced, with an oblique elliptical outline. 



This is very similar to the figures of Est/teria (Cardiomorpha) striata given by Goldfuss 

 and De Koninck. 



1. Figs. 11, 12. This specimen is in hard black shale from Shaly Brow, not far from 

 Wigan, and near Rainford and Billinge, Lancashire ; collected by Mr. E. W. Binney, F.R.S., 

 E.G.S., at the pit's mouth (see page 29, for the position of this shale in the Lower Coal- 

 measures) . 



2. Eigs. 13, 14, are taken from specimens crowded on the surface-planes of a dark- 

 coloured, hard, stony shale, belonging to the Lower Coal-measures, and from the 21st level 

 of the Rudolph Pit at Volpersdorf, near Neurode, in the Duchy of Glatz, Silesia. 1 These 

 Estheria, from the lowest of the Silesian coal-beds, were found by the able geologist and 

 botanist, Dr. Beinert, of Charlottenbrunn, who has carefully studied the Coal-measures of 

 Waldenburg and Glatz ; and they were communicated to me by our mutual friend, Dr. 

 H. B. Geinitz, of Dresden, in 1859. 



3. This variety has also been found by Mr. Binney in Mr. Hul ton's cannel-coal, at Hul- 

 ton Lane-ends, near Bolton-le-Moors, Estheria lying in numbers on one surface-plane ; 

 and fragments of a similar shell have been found in the cannel-coal at Moss House, two 

 and a half miles S.W. of Bolton (Mr. Salter). I have also seen, from Mr. Binney's collec- 

 tion, this Estheria in cannel-coal from Ince, near Wigan, on two surface-planes two inches 

 apart. According to Mr. Binney, it is always associated with remains of Fishes of the 

 genera Megalichtlujs, Rhizodus, Iloloptgchius, Ccelacanthtis, and Palaoniscus, as well as of 

 Placoid Fishes. Mr. J. Rofe, F.G.S., also has given me a specimen of Wigan cannel 

 containing a band of this Estheria, associated with a Fish-tooth. This specimen was from 

 the middle of a two-foot bed of cannel, the top of which is covered by a layer of Fish- 

 remains, about an inch thick. In this instance, some of the carapace-valves are represented 

 by very thin films of whitish carbonate of lime, having the striated pattern of the impres- 

 sions. 



4. Another occurrence of this, or a closely allied, variety is indicated by a specimen of 

 cannel-coal (bearing numerous Estheria on one surface-plane, and grey fish-scales on another, 

 half-an-inch distant), from Carluke, Lanarkshire, which was collected by Mr. Binney, on a 

 pit-bank, where a coal lying just above the Mountain-limestone series was being worked. 



1 Some of the coal-beds of this district have been fully described by Beinert and Goeppert in the ' Nat. 

 Verhand. Holland. Maats. Wetens. Haarlem,' vol. v, part 2, lb 19. 



4 



