ESTHERIA OVATA. 89 



belonging to the Pennsylvanian series will be given further on (page 93) ; but I cannot 

 indicate the exact place which these bituminous shales hold in the series. 



3 and 4. Eastern Virginia. One area of carbonaceous shales and sandstones reaches 

 from Campbell to Bucklington ; another is situated on the James River, in the vicinity of 

 Richmond. At the latter place are seen — 1. (at top) Conglomerate ; 2. Shales with Cycads 

 and Ferns ; 3. Grey sandstones, shales, and conglomerates ; 4. Coal-seams and 

 bituminous shale (with Estheria) : altogether about 800 feet thick, and resting on 

 granite. 



5. North Carolina ; on the Dan River, over a tract reaching from Leaksville to 

 Germanton, are shales and sandstones having the following order of succession from above 

 downwards : — 



7 and 8. Grey and red marly sandstones. 



6. Dark-coloured shales, with Cycads. 



5. Conglomerate. 



4. Grey sandstone. 



3. Black and green slates 1 and coal (see section below). Estherice and Cypridce ; Fish-bones. 



2. Brown sandstone. 



1. Conglomerate. 



At page 31 of Emmons's ' American Geology,' part VI, 2nd edit., from which the 

 information respecting the Dan River and Deep River districts is obtained, the following 

 section of the black and green shales with coal at Egypt Pit, Dan River, is given — 



Ft. in. 



Soil 30 



Black slate, with Cythere [?] 16 



Calcareous shales 12 



Black slate, with Cy there [?] and Posidonia (Estheria) 25 



Green calcareous shales 53 



Black bituminous slates. Fossils. [Here and below " the fossils referred to are 



mostly Cytheres and Posidonice, and occasionally Fish-bones," p. 32] 35 



Calcareous shales 4 



Black bituminous slates. Fossils 45 



Iron-balls. Gas 1 10 



Black slate. Fossils 28 



Calcareous shales 15 



Hard black slate 13 



Black slate and iron-balls 3 8 



Sparry, calcareous, greenish shales 14 



Black slate. Fossils 26 



1 "Slates" is a term used apparently by the American geologists for indurated shales (hard lami- 

 nated argillaceous rock), and is not intended here to indicate real slate. 



12 



