96 FOSSIL ESTHERLE. 



Ft. in 



15. Black, bituminous shales, with Estherice and Fish-remains in upper part 6 



16. Grey, compact, fine-grained shale 11 q 



1 7. Olive-green shale, with red veins i q 



18. Red shale 7 o 



19. Clay-concretions, in three layers, 1 in. each 3 



20. Sandstone, with veins of dolomite and calcite in cleavage, which is quite vertical 11 3 



21. Fine-grained micaceous sandstone (estimated) 20 



22. Fine-grained compact sandstone (estimated) 25 



23. "Vug," or cavity, 5 ft. wide at bottom of tunnel, 21 ft. high, running to a point about 



2 ft. above the back of tunnel, filled with red and green shales, talcose and micaceous, 

 crushed to powder. 



24. White talcose shale, vertical, 5 ft. wide at bottom, 4 ft. at top of tunnel. 



25. Red shale, fine-grained, compact 6 8 



a, b. Strata very irregular for some distance. [Shale and sandstone.] 



c. Shale, with clay-concretions and oxide of iron 10 



d. Bone-bed, full of Saurian bones ; no other fossils noticed 6 



e. Black bituminous shale, with Estherice and Coprolites 6 



f. Fine-grained, hard, compact sandstone, full of stems of Plants 6 



"The 'bone-bed' is situated about 100 ft. in the tunnel from the western end, and is not more than 

 G in. thick. Fragments of Saurian bones occur rather abundantly all through the layer, but the more 

 perfect bones are found at the bottom of the bed, where they are collected together, forming from 2 to 

 3 in. of the layer; a seam of white or pink carbonate of lime underlies them, and is from ^ to +in. 

 in thickness. Under this is a very thin seam of black carbonaceous matter, which is grooved and 

 polished like • Slickensides,' evidently showing [the action of] great disturbing force since the deposition 

 of the bed. 



" The material composing the bone-bed is formed almost entirely of the remains of Cypris. No Estherias 

 Myacites, Coprolites, nor Fish-remains have been observed associated with the Saurian bones in many tons 

 of the shale carefully broken up and examined. 



"Above the bone-bed is about 6 in. of bituminous shale with Estherice and Coprolites; over this 

 from 5 to 6 ft. of hard, fine-grained sandstone, with Plants. The bed (bone-bed) is underlaid by 10 in. 

 of shale with clay-concretions, which are mostly geodes, containing yellow, pulverulent oxide of iron, and 

 under this a compact, fine-grained, red shale, from 6 to 7 ft. to the bottom of the tunnel. 



" Near the above, in a micaceous dolomitic sandstone, of a light-grey colour, occasionally so calcareous 

 as to effervesce freely in acids, occur Saurian bones, and part of a jaw, 7 in. in length, -fa in. wide, 

 and about jjin. deep, with seven alveoles about -fa in. apart, — a cranial plate, radiated and sculptured, 

 1^ in. long and ly^ in. broad, — an Ichthyodorulite, 3 in. long T s c in. wide at base, — remains, probably, 

 of Batrachians, — Estherice, — and bones, scales, and teeth of ganoid Fishes; the scales are large, thick, 

 beautifully ornamented, and coated with a layer of transparent enamel (ganoin). 



" Casts of two shells ; one may probably be referred to either Pholadomya or Cardita, and the other to 

 Unio or Potomomya, and also large quantities of Saurian teeth, some of which are full 1 \ in. in length, 

 curved, smooth, or finely striated, probably belonging to Clepsysaurus Pennsylvanicus, Lea ; others curved 

 and sulcate, and answering to the description of Centemodon sulcatus, Lea. Another, perhaps, may be 

 Composaurus, Leidy, and another of ' large size, compressed, conical, with opposite acute, serrulated borders,' 

 which doubtless is that described by Prof. Leidy as Eurydorus serridens. These teeth are found twenty or 

 thirty together, and are well preserved ; sometimes the teeth are converted into iron-pyrites for one half 

 their length, or the pulp-cavity alone filled with pyrites ; and occasionally small seams of dolomite, calcite, 



