CANIS. 3 
Paviland (Buckland,’ 1824), Oreston (Clift and Whidbey,” 1823), Banwell (Rutter,? 
1829), Yealm Bridge, Devon (Bellamy,* 1839). Buckland, in the ‘ Reliquize Dilu- 
vianze ° (1824), gives a table showing that these animals had been recognised in 
various other Pleistocene deposits, both in Britain and on the continent. 
The question as to the specific identity of the fossil Canidae of the caves with 
those ving at the present time being settled, the far more difficult one concerning 
the mutual relationship of the wolves, jackals, and dogs occupied attention. This 
question had, as has been already mentioned, been considered by Cuvier and 
Daubenton. It was fully discussed in 1844 by de Blainville,? who went beyond 
those anatomists in being unable to recognise any osteological distinction between 
dogs and wolves, and by Pictet’ (1853), who was the earliest author to suggest as 
the origin of the domestic dogs, not any known species of Canis living or fossil, but 
an unknown species assumed to have existed in Pleistocene times. 
Between 1859 and 15885 appeared a long series of papers dealing with the 
Pleistocene and Prehistoric Canide of Ireland, which were described from the 
following localities: Dunshaughlin, co. Meath (Wilde,® 1859, dog); Shandon, co. 
Clare (Adams,’ 1879, wolf and fox); Knockninny, co. Fermanagh (Haughton,!” 
1876, wolf, dog, fox) ; Ballynamintra, co. Waterford (Adams,” 1881, wolf, dog) ; 
Knockmore, co. Fermanagh (Ball,” 1885, wolf). More recent are the records 
from Kesh, co. Sligo (Scharff, 1903, wolf, dog, fox), and Edenvale, co. Clare 
(Scharff, 1906, wolf, dog, fox, Arctic fox). 
At Shandon and Kesh it is probable that deposits of both Pleistocene and 
Prehistoric date occur. At all the other Irish localities in the above list it is 
probable that the remains belong solely to the Prehistoric period. 
Other important records of Pleistocene canine remains are those of Kent's 
Cavern, Torquay (MacHnery, 1859, wolf, fox), Wookey Hole near Wells 
(Dawkins,“ 1862 and 1863, wolf, fox), Creswell Crags, Derbyshire (Busk,” 1875, 
wolf, fox, Arctic fox). The occurrence of the Arctic fox in Britain had not been 
previously noted. The records from Norwich (Denny, 1859, dog) and from 
1 * Reliquie Diluviane,’ p. 85. 2 «Phil. Trans.,’ cxiu, p. 88. 
3 * Delin. Co. Somerset,’ p. 156. 
4 «Nat. Hist. 8S. Devon.’ Bellamy’s account is reproduced by Pengelly in his paper on “The 
Literature of the Caverns near Yealmpton, 8. Devon,” ‘Trans. Devon. Assoc.,’ iv, 1871, p. 92. 
> *Reliquize Diluviane,’ facing p. 1. 6 « Ostéographie—Carnassiers, pp. 101—104. 
7 «Traité de Paléontologie,’ tom. i, p. 202. 8 «Proc. Roy. Irish Acad.,’ vii, p. 193. 
9 «Trans. Roy. Irish Acad.,’ xxvi (Sci.), p. 227. 
10 «Proc. Roy. Irish Acad.,’ (2), ii (Sci.), p. 482. 
1 «Trans. Roy. Dublin Soe.’ (2), i, p. 205. 2 Thid. (2), i, p. 335. 
13 * Cavern Researches.’ 
14 «Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ xviii, p. 124; and xix, p. 267. 
15 Thid., xxxi, pp. 684—687. 
16 « Proce. Yorks. Geol. Polyt. Soc.,’ i, p. 538. 
