CANIS. 7 
Ballynamintra cave, co. Waterford, which he attributed to the Irish wolf-hound. 
There can be little doubt that all these are of post-Pleistocene date, and belong to 
the Prehistoric period. 
Numerous bones, clearly of dogs, have been found in peat and other Prehistoric 
deposits in many parts of Great Britain, especially in the alluvium of the lower 
part of the Thames valley. 
Tue Fox (Canis vulpes). 
The occurrence of the fox in the Red Crag is well authenticated, a well-pre- 
served palate from Boyton in Suffolk having been figured and described by 
Lydekker.' He gives measurements showing that its size considerably exceeds 
that of a full-grown recent specimen, but in spite of this concludes that the 
specimen is to be referred to the fox—an opinion in which he is supported by 
Newton. 
The evidence for the occurrence of the fox in the Forest Bed is not very good. 
It is based on part of a humerus which Newton?” hesitated to refer to the fox. 
Lydekker, however, thought that the specimen was correctly referred to this 
species. 
From Pleistocene times onwards the distribution of the fox throughout the 
British Isles has been practically universal. In the cavern deposits its distribution 
shows a remarkable correspondence with that of the wolf (see Table, p. 10). 
Tue Aroric Fox (Canis lagopus). 
As yet the remains of the Arctic fox have been recognised at only a very few 
localities in Britain. The earliest record is that of Busk? (1875), who found 
among the bones from the rock fissures of the Creswell Crags an axis vertebra 
which he carefully described and figured, referring it to the Arctic fox on account 
of (1) its small size; (2) the slenderness and abrupt divergence of the transverse 
processes; (3) the prominence of the median keel on the ventral surface of the 
centrum; (4) a difference in the form of the anterior articular facets from those in 
the common fox. 
The second record is by Newton,* from the Ightham fissure near Maidstone. 
Newton figured and ascribed to the Arctic fox a femur, a tibia, a humerus, a 
mandibular ramus, and part of the upper jaw. Many other bones of the Arctic 
fox from the same locality are in the collections of Dr. F. Corner, of Poplar, and 
1 «Geol. Mag.,’ dec. iii, i, 1884, p. 443. > Tbid., dee. u1, vii, 1880, p. 152. 
3 «Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ xxxi, 1875, pp. 685—687. 
4 Thid., 1, 1894, p. 202, pl. xii, figs 5—9. 
