CANIS. 15 
D.m.1 is a good deal like pm. 2, the blade having a principal cone and often 
a slight posteriorly-placed accessory cusp. The two teeth differ, however, in the 
fact that d.m. 1 has the roots strongly divergent. 
D.m. 2, the milk carnassial, is the largest of the deciduous teeth. The major 
portion of the crown is formed by a powerful bilobed blade, of which the anterior 
lobe is conical, the posterior more depressed and chisel-like. In front of the blade 
are two low cusps. There is further a prominent inner cusp anteriorly placed. 
This is supported by a special root, and two other strong roots support the outer 
part of the tooth. 
D.m. 3 is a very irregular tooth. The outer edge, which bears certain ill-defined 
cusps, 1s raised anteriorly and supported by a small root, while posteriorly it 1s 
depressed and supported by a strong triangular, divergent root. There is an inner 
cusp supported by a third root. 
(3) Milk Dentition of the Lower Jaw.—D4. 1, 2. and 3. These are even slighter 
and simpler teeth than those of the upper jaw, and have very long, tapering 
roots. 
D-c. This is practically identical in character with that of the upper jaw. 
D.m. 1.—Except for its smaller size and the more divergent character of the 
roots, this is identical with pm. 2. 
D.m. 2 very closely resembles pm. 3, but the accessory cusp anterior to the 
principal cone is better developed than in that tooth. 
D.n. 3, the milk carnassial, is a large tooth supported by two strong divergent 
roots. Four fifths of the crown is formed by a bilobed trenchant blade, and 
behind this is a considerable cusp. 
co. THe VerresraL Cotumn (Plate VI). 
Little or nothing can be mentioned as specially characteristic of the vertebral 
column in the Canide in comparison with that in other Carnivora, but the variable 
number of the caudal vertebree may be alluded to, the number ranging from 
seventeen to twenty-two. There are thirteen thoracic and seven lumbar vertebre. 
Only three vertebrz are fused together in the sacral region, while in bears the 
number may be as many as five. 
p. THe Limp GIRDIES. 
The Shoulder Girdle—The scapula (Text-fig. 1) scarcely calls for special 
comment, though it may be mentioned that the coracoid process is very slightly 
developed. The British fossil specimens are almost always in a very fragmentary 
condition. The clavicle is in a much reduced state, though better developed than 
in bears. 
