PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 
hl ed 
(4) Taste or Comparative MEASUREMENTS OF Bones or Posterior Limp—continucd. 
C. lupus (left). C. vulpes (left). C. lagopus 
Dae, Ce. neo tee ( right). 
sitive Torbryan, Tor- * | Ightham, near} Pleistocene. 
Tibia. Ightham, near |,,;°. 
quay. No. Maidstone, |Maidstone. No. Ightham, near 
M.4563 (Brit. (Corner Coll.) M.7232 (Brit. Maidstone. 
Mus.). : g Mus.). (Corner Coll.) 
Jie Marcum denote ecsc chic costeeacesmasainite 21°45* 21:7 143* 10°75 
2. Transverse or right to left diameter at 
PEONIMMA ON. He gaemcsemenies sseeueeier oe | 404. | 4:4 2°45 185 
3. Vertical or antero-posterior diameter at | 
proximal end measured to top of crest | 34 43 eZ IE 
4. Transverse diameter at distal end ...... 3°05 30 16 1:25 
5. Vertical or antero-posterior diameter at 
distal end 2°3 2-05 dou 0°85 
* Figured. 
IV. MUTUAL RELATIONS OF THE PLEISTOCENE AND POST- 
PLEISTOCENE CANIDA. 
This most difficult subject has puzzled zoologists from the time of Buffon and 
Daubenton to the present day. It cannot be entirely overlooked in such a 
memoir as the present, but no attempt will be made to deal exhaustively with it. 
Two questions are involved, which, though distinct, have the most intimate 
bearing upon one another. 
The first of these is, whether any valid and reliable distinction can be found 
between the dogs, on the one hand, and the wolves and jackals on the other. The 
second is, whether the origin of the domestic dogs is to be sought wholly or 
partially in the existing wild Canidee—wolf, jackal, or certain kinds of wild dog, 
or whether it may be found in one or more fossil species known or as yet undis- 
covered. The former of these questions may be first considered. A large number 
of points have been referred to by zoologists in their attempts to find valid 
osteological distinctions between dog and wolf. To each point in the following 
list the names of certain authors who allude to it are appended; but it is not 
implied that im every case the points are accepted as valid distinguishing 
characters by the authors who allude to them. 
(1) Wolves have the triangular part of the cranium between the orbits a little 
narrower and flatter than in dogs (Cuvier, Denny). 
(2) The sagittal crest is longer and more elevated in wolves than in dogs (Cuvier, 
Denny, Vieira). 
(3) The teeth, especially the canines, are longer in wolves than in dogs (Cuvier, 
Denny). 
