CANIS. 25 
disposed to derive the domestic dogs from the wolf; Nehring, partly from the 
wolf and partly from the jackal ; Gueldenstiidt, and G. St. Hilaire, from the jackal ; 
de Blainville, Pictet, Boule (1889), Gaudry and Boule (1892), Bourguignat and 
Woldrich, from one or more extinct types of dog, neither wolves nor jackals; 
Studer, partly from wolves, partly from extinct types of dog; finally, von Pelzeln 
has recourse to all the above-mentioned sources—wolves, jackals and extinct types 
of dogs, and im addition derives certain races from the existing wild dogs, 
Canis sinensis and Canis pallipes. Jeitteles also has recourse to several living 
species, including the jackal and Canis pallipes. 
V. CONCLUSIONS. 
These may be very briefly stated and contain no element of novelty. In 
Phocene times the wolf (Canis lupus) and common fox (Canis vulpes) were already 
inhabitants of Britain. In Pleistocene times they abounded and the Arctic fox 
(Canis lagopus) was sparingly represented ; but no animals which can be distin- 
guished as dogs have been recognised in Britain in Pleistocene deposits. In Pre- 
historic times, however, true dogs abounded. Doubt is expressed with regard to 
the desirability of recognising the occurrence of the genus Lycaon in England. 
My sincere thanks are tendered to Mr. W. J. Lewis Abbott and Dr. F. Corner 
for kindly placing their large collections of canine bones from the Ightham fissure 
at my disposal for examination and figuring. I am much indebted to Mr. H. 
Bolton, Prof. T. McK. Hughes, Mr. A. Somervail and Dr. A. Smith Woodward for 
the loan of specimens preserved respectively in the Bristol, Sedgwick, Torquay and 
British Museums. I further wish to thank Dr. A. Smith Woodward, Dr. C. W. 
Andrews, Mr. R. Lydekker and Dr. R. F. Scharff for help and information, and Mr. 
J. Green for the care he has taken with the illustrations. 
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
1758. Daubenton in Buffon’s ‘ Histoire Naturelle, tom. vu, p. 53. 
774. J. F. Esper, ‘ Ausfithrliche Nachricht—Zoolhthen, Bayreuth.’ 
776. J. A. Gueldenstiidt, “Schacale Historia,’ ‘Nov. Comment. Acad. Scient. 
Imp. Petropol., xx, 1775 (St. Petersburg). 
1794. J. C. Rosenmiiller, ‘Quzedam de Ossibus fossilibus animalis,’ p. 27 (Leipzig). 
1810. G. A. Goldfuss, ‘ Die Umgebungen von Miiggendorf’ (Hrlangen). 
1812. G. Cuvier, ‘ Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles,’ tom. iv, iv, pp. 5—9. 
1822. W. Buckland, “ Account of an Assemblage of Fossils—Kirkdale Cave,” 
“Phil Trans:,. cxilparlio2. 
