46 Introduction 



tion Xo. I became the Primal (Dawn) series; while the series now re- 

 ferred to the Devonian with their ]^ew York equivalents as correlated by 

 Professor Eogers were the Pre-meridian (Forenoon) or Lower Helder- 

 berg limestone of New York; the Meridian (Noon) or Oriskany sandstone ; 

 the Post-meridian (Afternoon) or the Cauda-Galli and Schoharie grits 

 and Upper Helderberg limestone; the Cadent (Declining Day) or Mar- 

 cellus slate, Hamilton group and Genesee slate ; the Vergent (Descending 

 Day) or the Portage flags and Chemung group and the Ponent (Sunset) 

 or Catskill group/ The Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania, how- 

 ever, under the directorship of Lesley abandoned this fanciful nomencla- 

 ture, correlated the majority of the Pennsylvania formations with those 

 of New York and used the New York names. 



Professor Hall visited Cumberland in 1856, examined to some extent 

 the geology of the region and a large collection of fossils owned by Mr. 

 Andrews, which, later, he purchased. The following year he published in 

 the Tenth Regent's Report the preliminary description of fifteen species 

 obtained from the Lower Helderberg limestone, Oriskany sandstone and 

 Hamilton shales in the vicinity of Cumberland. 



In 1859 the text of volume iii of the Palaeontology of New York was 

 published, followed by the plates in 1861. This was the first work in 

 which a large number of fossils from the Devonian of Maryland were 

 described and figured and it marked a great advance in the knowledge of 

 the paleontology of the State. Sixty-two species and one variety are re- 

 ported from the Lower Helderberg and Oriskany sandstone of Cumber- 

 land, of which six species and one variety were described and figured for 

 the first time from the Lower Helderberg and twenty-six species from the 

 Oriskany. Another species confined to Cumberland, Maryland, was de- 

 scribed and figured from the Lower Helderberg and six additional ones 

 were reported from that locality. The Oriskany also contained eight 

 additional described and figured species which were confined to Cumber- 

 land and fifteen more were reported from that locality. 



Philip T. Tyson, the State Agricultural Chemist of Maryland, in 1860 

 published his first report, which shows a decided advance over the earlier 



^Itid., pp. vii and 107, 108. 



