2 BRITISH PERMIAN BRACHIOPODA. 



The following pages will therefore require to be considered more as a supplement to 

 the important labours of Professor King and Mr. Howse than that of a separate 

 Monograph, as to those authors the chief credit is due of having worked out our English 

 Permian species. My efforts have been especially directed to the minute illustration and 

 study of every internal character which the perfect material at my disposal has enabled me 

 to develop. I have also avoided reproducing long lists of synonyms, references, and 

 certain other details which will be found in the works of the two gentlemen already 

 named. 1 



In the preparation of the following pages, I have been most kindly assisted by several 



1 Professor King has published a long list of all the works relating to Permian fossils, from the year 

 1710 to 1850 ; to which I will now add a few others, so as to carry the catalogue down to the present time. 



It will also be desirable to mention that both Professor King and Mr. Howse had for many years prior 

 to 1848 been busily engaged collecting and studying the Permian fossils of the counties of Durham and 

 Northumberland. In 1844 Professor King supplied M. De Verneuil with a manuscript list of the British 

 species then known to him, which comprised the following Brachiopoda ('Bulletiu de la Societe Geologique 

 de France,' vol. i, 2d series, p. 500, 3d of June, 1844) : Terebratula elongata, T. svfflata, T. pectinifera, 

 T- Schlotheimi (to this last M. De Verneuil added that Mr. King had proposed for it and T. superstes a new 

 genus, named Camarophorid), Spirifer undulatus, S. multipUcaia, S. cristata, Productus horridus, Stropha- 

 losia Morrisiana, Stroph. spinifera, and Lingula mytiloides. These names were also subsequently intro- 

 duced into the first and second volumes of the ' Geology of Russia,' in 1845 ; and in 1846 Professor King's 

 excellent memoir appeared, ' Remarks on certain Genera belonging to the Palliobranchia,' wherein, besides 

 much important matter relating to the Brachiopoda in general, the genera Camarophoria and Strophalosia 

 are for the first time explained. In 1847 Professor King prepared a Catalogue of the organic remains of 

 the Permian rocks of Northumberland and Durham, which he presented to the Tyneside Naturalists' Club 

 for publication, but which having been withdrawn by its author, another Catalogue was prepared by Mr. 

 Howse at the request of the Club. Both were, however, printed during the month of August, 1848, and 

 a delicate question arose as to the exact day of publication ; but from evidence communicated by the pub- 

 lishers, it would appear that the one written by Mr. Howse was issued on the 17th, while that of Professor 

 King appeared on the 19th of the same month. 



They are both excellent and valuable productions, and prove the great knowledge possessed by then- 

 respective authors on the local Permian species, as well as their ability to write upon the subject ; but in 

 justice to Dr. Geinitz, I feel bound to observe (as has already been stated by Mr. Howse) that the 'Die 

 Versteinerungen des deutschen Zechsteingebirges,' having appeared in April, 1848, does, as a matter of 

 course, hold priority over both the catalogues of the above-named gentlemen for any new species it may 

 contain. 



In 1848 and 1854, a Russian work of considerable merit, but unfortunately little known, was published 

 at Dorpat, 'Reise nach dem Nordosten des Europaischen Russlands durch die Tundren der Samojeden,' 

 by Alexander Gustav Schrenk. In the first volume are mentioned several Permian fossils, which were well 

 described and illustrated by Count Alex, von Keyserling, in pp. 81 — 114 of the second volume. Prodtictus 

 hemisphcericum, Kutorga, Prod. Cancrini, Vern. and Keyserling, Strophalosia tholus, Keys., Sjririfer 

 Schrenkii, Keys., Tereb. Royssiana, Keys., and Terebratula concentrical Buch, var. Permiensis, and Tere- 

 bratula Geinitsiana, Vern., are the species of Brachiopoda discovered in 1837, by Dr. Schrenk, in that 

 northern portion of the Russian empire. 



We must also refer to Professor De Koninck's ' Nouvelle notice sur les Fossiles de Spitzberg,' published 

 in the sixteenth volume of the Acad£mie Royale de Belgique, in which the author has described and figured 



